4. Ecstatic, transcendent experience: sensual, mysterious, quasi-religious beyond words

7. A. German Romantic Operas (=early) The Flying Dutchman Tannhaüser Lohengrin Emphasis on Solo Singing ( few duets, trios, ensembles ) Musical Features/Differences from Italian Opera Distinction between recitative and aria blurred Continuous dramatic flow rather than recit/aria alternation

8. A. German Romantic Operas (=early) The Flying Dutchman Tannhaüser Lohengrin B. Music Dramas (=Wagner’s mature operas) Das Rheingold Die Walküre Siegfried Götterdämerung (The Twilight of the Gods) Tristan und Isolde Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg The Ring of the Nibelung (“The Ring Cycle”) Parsifal C. Wagnerian Topics (told through myth): Greed vs. Compassion/Redeeming Power of Love/Heroism & Striving Musical Features/Differences from Italian Opera

9. A. Leitmotif B. Infinite Melody C. Gesamtkunstwerk D. Wagnerian Harmony (e.g., “Tristan Chord”) E. The Wagnerian Orchestra F. Wagnerian Singers G. Wagner the Poet and Stabreim H. Wagnerian Characters

10. A. Leitmotifs Love-Death Transendent Bliss Bliss Ecstasy Desire

12. The “Liebestod” from Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde