1. ARPAM: Ad-hoc Routing Protocol for Aeronautical Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Michael Iordanakis, Dimitrios Yannis, Kimon Karras, Georgios Bogdos, Georgios Dilintas Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus Massimiliano Amirfeiz, Giorgio Colangelo, Stefano Baiotti Massimiliano Amirfeiz, Giorgio Colangelo, Stefano Baiotti Selex Communications 5th International Symposium Communication Systems Networks and Digital Signal Processing (19-21 July 2006, University of Patras, Greece)

2. Introduction  IEEE 802.11 –Development of MANETs  MANETs and avionics –The present: Restrictions in avionics  Connectivity  Bandwidth –The future: Free Flight concept  Motivation & benefits  Requirements?

3. Network topology  Airspace: –High altitude platforms (HAPs) –Airports –Aircraft  Aircraft: –Single omni-directional antenna –Several directional antennas / links

4. ARPAM  Motivation for a new routing protocol –Combination of table-driven & on-demand operations –Geographical information  Solution: ARPAM ! –Based on AODV and TBRPF –Utilizes geolocalization information available by external avionics applications –Parameter optimization based on the aeronautical environment

5. On Demand Operations  When an aircraft wishes to communicate with another aircraft which cannot be served from a backbone node  When simply there is a communication need between two aircraft.  Eg: node C  node E

6. Table Driven Operations  Time critical applications require low response times from the network.  Table driven protocols provide a rapid response when a route is requested from a node and the route is maintained in the routing table.  Eg. Node B  node A  HAP

7. Route maintenance & evaluation  MAC layer of the nodes which make up a communication path (C-D- E) keeps reporting to the network layer for a specific amount of time that connection between nodes C and D is no longer available –will cause C & D to send a HELLO packet

8. Route maintenance & evaluation  The originator waits to receive a HELLO-ack packet from the destination in order to mark the path as valid  If, after a period of time, the node has not yet received any ACK packet, it will emit a HELLO message again X

9. Co-operation with existing avionics systems  ADS-B –Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast concept –It is currently being deployed worldwide –Assists the process of neighbor discovery on behalf of the routing protocol –Information is utilized by the ARPAM routing protocol

10. Simulation - Testbed  Topology –12 nodes –1000 X 1000 km squared km squared – 400-800 km/h  Application –VoIP  Client-Server

11. Simulation - Results Routing traffic transmitted by Server node

12. Simulation - Results Routing traffic received by Server node

13. Conclusions  ARPAM routing protocol correlation to the existing avionics technology  Comparison to the antagonistic routing protocols  ARPAM currently exhibits a very stable and high performance behavior for routing in aeronautical MANETs.

14. Future work  There is still room for improvement –Our goal is to further develop ARPAM  Extend the capabilities of the working model  Extend its internal routing mechanisms for increased reliability on critical applications and additional stability –Provide future simulations which will include more complex network topologies and scenarios closer to the future aviation environment.

15. Questions