1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 27, part A Environmental Microbiology

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolic Diversity Microbes live a variety of habitats because of their abilities: To use a variety of carbon & energy sources To grow under different physical conditions Extremophiles live in extreme pH Temperature Salinity

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fungi living in close association with plant roots Extend surface area of roots Mycorrhizae Figure 27.1

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Commercial Uses of Mycorrhizae Figure 27.2

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Recycling (oxidation and reduction) of chemical elements Biogeochemical Cycles

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Carbon Cycle Figure 27.3

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nitrogen Cycle Figure 27.4

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nitrogen Cycle N2N2 Nitrogen - fixation Ammonia (NH 3 ) Nitrate ion (NO 3 - ) Pseudmonas N2N2 Nitrite ion (NO 2 - ) Nitrobacter Nitrate ion (NO 3 - ) Ammonium ion (NH 4 + ) Nitrosomonas Nitrite ion (NO 2 - ) Amino acids (–NH 2 ) Microbial ammonification Ammonia (NH 3 ) Proteins and waste products Microbial decomposition Amino acids

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Formation of a Root Nodule Figure 27.5

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Sulfur Cycle Figure 27.7

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sulfur Cycle Proteins and waste productsAmino acids Microbial decomposition Amino acids (–SH) Microbial dissimilation H2SH2S H2SH2S Thiobacillus SO 4 2– (for energy) SO 4 2– Microbial & plant assimilation Amino acids

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Primary producers in most ecosystems are photoautotrophs Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria Life Without Sunshine H2SH2SSO 4 2– Provides energy for bacteria which may be used to fix CO 2 CO 2 Sugars Provides carbon for cell growth Calvin Cycle

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Phosphorous Cycle

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Natural organic matter is easily degraded by microbes Xenobiotics are resistant to degradation Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Decomposition by Microbes Figure 27.8

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Decomposition by Microbes Bioremediation Use of microbes to detoxify or degrade pollutants; enhanced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer Bioaugmentation Addition of specific microbes to degrade of pollutant Composting Arranging organic waste to promote microbial degradation Figure 27.9

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Decomposition by Microbes Figure 27.10