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Buddhist Ethics l The craving for individuality (including life, pleasure, power) produces suffering— which is ended through virtue and meditation l Being virtuous requires us to respect ourselves and others, and to be patient, moderate, and to maintain a clear and balanced mind l Personal enlightenment consists not in merely following rules but in seeing one’s place in the universe
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Challenges to Ethical Theorizing: Anti-foundationalism l Morality is not a pursuit of abstract principles; it is an attempt to give our lives order. This requires that it assumes changeable values l Instead of discussing morality in terms of acts or judgments based on rules or principles, we should focus on developing a good character or maintaining personal relationships
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Virtue Ethics (Aristotle) u To be moral means being sensitive to the social and personal dimensions of life u “Rational” actions are not based on abstract principles but on moderation (golden mean) –Objection: this does not provide the specific moral guidance needed in difficult situations
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Feminist Ethics u Morality is not about abstract principles, rights, or impartial (typically male) theories of justice, but about caring for persons and maintaining relationships (Gilligan) u The (feminine) virtue of caring for others in specific situations is the basis upon which all ethical thinking is grounded (Noddings) Nel NoddingsCarol Gilligan
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