1. Reading and Writing Skills for Students of Literature in English: Romanticism Enric Monforte Jacqueline Hurtley Bill Phillips

2. Romanticism Caspar David Friedrich 1774-1840 Der Wanderer über dem Nebelmeer 1818 http://www.success.co.il/knowledge/

3. Romanticism Highly influential movement in virtually every country of Europe, the United States, and Latin America lasting from about 1750 to about 1870. J.M.W.Turner 1775-1851 S. Giorgio Maggiore: Early Morning 1819 http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/turner/

4. Imagination Rebellion Nature Childhood innocence The individual Characteristics:

5. Origins and Inspiration Late 18th century in France and Germany literary taste turns away from classical and neoclassical conventions. Giovanni Paolo Pannini 1691-1765 Roman Ruins with the Arch of Titus 1734 http://www.laputanlogic.com/articles/2006/05/index.html

6. http://www.success.co.il/knowledge

7. Inspiration initially from two men: Jean Jacques Rousseau and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1788 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1749-1832 http://www.greatbooksandfilm.com/rousseauque st.htm http://copepodo.wordpress.com

8. The Romantic Spirit Rousseau established the cult of the individual and the freedom of the human spirit: I felt before I thought. Frontispiece to Songs of Innocence by William Blake http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/d banach/song.htm

9. Goethe and others extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of Shakespeare. Strasbourg (depicted in the late 18th c.) and Cologne Cathedrals http://www. planetware. com

10. Goethe justified revolt against political authority and inaugurated the Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) movement, a forerunner of German romanticism. Jean-Pierre- Louis-Laurent Houel 1735- 1813 Prise de la Bastille http://www.cheminsdememoire. gouv.fr

11. The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) exalts sentiment to the point of justifying committing suicide over unrequited love. http://brendenundefined.blogspot.com/

12. Romantic attitudes: frenzy, melancholy, world- weariness, self-destruction Edgar Degas 1834-1917 Melanchol y c. 1874 http://com mons.wiki media.org/ wiki/File:E dgar_Dega s- _Melancho ly.JPG

13. William Wordsworth 1770-1850 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1772-1834 John Keats 1795-1821 Percy Bysshe Shelley 1792-1822 George Gordon, Lord Byron 1788-1824 Mary Shelley 1797-1851 http://tomyp ledgedword amtrue.blog spot.com http://web2.cc.nctu.edu.tw http://www.fil ipspagnoli.w ordpress.co m http://w ww.reco rds.viu.c a http://www.ro gervivier.wor dpress.com http://eboo ks.adelaid e.edu.au

14. The Preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads (1802) by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge: http://web2.cc.nctu.edu.tw http://etc.dal.ca http://tomypledgedwordamtrue.blo gspot.com

15. “I have said that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind.”

16. “To whom does he address himself?” “And what language is to be expected from him?” “What is a Poet?”

17. “a man, it is true, endowed with more lively sensibility” “more enthusiasm and tenderness” “who has a greater knowledge of human nature” “and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among mankind” “- He is a man speaking to men”

18. “The language, too, of these men* has been adopted (purified indeed from what appear to be its real defects, from all lasting and rational causes of dislike or disgust)...” *men of humble and rustic life “And what language is to be expected from him?”

19. “Humble and rustic life was generally chosen, because, in that condition, the essential passions of the heart find a better soil in which they can attain their maturity, are less under restraint, and speak a plainer and more emphatic language......and, lastly, because in that condition the passions of men are incorporated with the beautiful and permanent forms of nature.” Nature

20. Nature and the Countryside Reaction to the industrial revolution Rise of the bourgeoisie Contrast with the corruption of government (pastoral) Greenburn Bottom, near Grasmere, Cumbria http://www.wordsworthcentre.co.uk

21. Politics Libertarian and abolitionist movements of the late 18th and early 19th centuries coincide with the romantic philosophy: freedom from convention and tyranny, the rights and dignity of the individual. Eugène Delacroix 1798-1863 La Liberté guidant le peuple 1830 http://www.theartwolf.com

22. Political and Social Causes William Blake – antinomian, anti-institutional William Wordsworth – French Revolution Lord Byron – Greek independence Shelley – political reform in England and Ireland Keats – opposition to political repression in England http://tomypledgedwordamtrue.blogspot.com http://www.todd44.wordpress.com http://www.filipspagnoli.wordpress.com http://www.ilisaurus.wordpress.com http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au

23. The Lure of the Exotic Lord Byron http://www.listverse.com

24. The Middle Ages as an inspiration for themes and settings: melancholy, ruins, graveyards, the supernatural http://farm2. static.flickr.c om/1263/14 53564387_ 80e77a57c 8.jpg The Gothic