1. Definition: Definition: Integrated Resource Management (IRM) is a way of using and managing the environment and natural resources to achieve sustainable development.

2. All issues must be considered: All issues must be considered: Environmental Environmental Social Social Economic Economic Goal: To find the way for all uses to exist together with less conflict.

3. The Bridge between: The Bridge between: government departments, government departments, industry, industry, communities and individuals. communities and individuals. IRM includes planning for minerals, forests, recreation, wilderness, energy, wildlife, and parks IRM includes planning for minerals, forests, recreation, wilderness, energy, wildlife, and parks Managing and use of a resource affects the management or use of other resources in an area. Managing and use of a resource affects the management or use of other resources in an area. Managing each use or resource by itself is less effective than managing all of them in an integrated way. Managing each use or resource by itself is less effective than managing all of them in an integrated way.

4. Nova Scotia crown land base and resources. Increasing pressures: for access to the limited Crown land base and its resources. Department of Natural Resources implemented an IRM process for provincially managed Crown lands to achieve an appropriate balance. Recognizing: -Many uses can be carried out simultaneously. -There will be cases were one resource interest may dominate.

5. IRM Crown Land Use Categories IRM Crown Land Use Categories Three classifications. Assigned by staff teams: Geologists Geologists Foresters Foresters Biologists (scientific training + public views) Biologists (scientific training + public views) Parks, recreation and wilderness planners Parks, recreation and wilderness planners

6. Crown lands, Category 1... Full range of resource uses A low level of conflict among competing uses is anticipated. A low level of conflict among competing uses is anticipated. Managed in accordance with provincial acts, policies, and commitments to ensure: Managed in accordance with provincial acts, policies, and commitments to ensure: provincial environmental standards are met provincial environmental standards are met biodiversity is maintained biodiversity is maintained resource development is carried out sustainably. resource development is carried out sustainably.

7. Crown lands, Category 2... Conflicting values for land and resource use: Ensure all values are taken into account in the planning process as land use conflicts have been identified. Ensure all values are taken into account in the planning process as land use conflicts have been identified. Balancing the interests of all resource sectors may require that management practices for one resource use be modified to enhance compatibility with others. Balancing the interests of all resource sectors may require that management practices for one resource use be modified to enhance compatibility with others. critical values: overriding consideration in management practices critical values: overriding consideration in management practices compromise. compromise. Mainland moose habitat. Mainland moose habitat. Not all activity will be excluded in these lands; any resource development will be under certain restrictions. Not all activity will be excluded in these lands; any resource development will be under certain restrictions. In areas adjacent moose aquatic feeding sites, forest must be retained for at least 120 metres from wetland’s edge. In areas adjacent moose aquatic feeding sites, forest must be retained for at least 120 metres from wetland’s edge.

8. Crown lands category 3… Lands specifically allocated to special uses and where other resource activities may be limited, modified, or denied. Management decisions: Management decisions: Reside with the responsible program Uses should be identified and included in the regional strategy. Uses should be identified and included in the regional strategy. Includes: Includes: Provincial Parks, Wilderness Areas, Nature Reserves, Protected Beaches, core habitat for endangered or threatened species and areas where there is consensus that the value or feature is truly unique. Provincial Parks, Wilderness Areas, Nature Reserves, Protected Beaches, core habitat for endangered or threatened species and areas where there is consensus that the value or feature is truly unique.

9. IRM for sustainable inland fish production Background: 1996, Inland waters fisheries: 23 million tonnes (t) 1996, Inland waters fisheries: 23 million tonnes (t) 7.5 million t capture fisheries 7.5 million t capture fisheries 15.5 million t aquaculture, (Numbers 2 X greater???) The bulk of aquaculture production comes from Asia (lower-value herbivorous and omnivorous fish species.) The bulk of aquaculture production comes from Asia (lower-value herbivorous and omnivorous fish species.) Fishery enhancement techniques Fishery enhancement techniques stocking of natural and artificial water bodies contribute a major proportion of the catch for food, particularly in Asia. stocking of natural and artificial water bodies contribute a major proportion of the catch for food, particularly in Asia.

10. IRM for sustainable inland fish production Freshwater fish - irreplaceable source of high quality, cheap animal protein crucial to the balance of diets in marginally food secure communities Freshwater fish - irreplaceable source of high quality, cheap animal protein crucial to the balance of diets in marginally food secure communities All food producing sectorsare facing problems of environmental degradation and increasing land and water scarcity. All food producing sectorsare facing problems of environmental degradation and increasing land and water scarcity. The agricultural sector is facing competition for water resources from industrialization and urbanization, and from growing requirements for safe drinking water supplies. The agricultural sector is facing competition for water resources from industrialization and urbanization, and from growing requirements for safe drinking water supplies.

11. IRM for sustainable inland fish production Freshwater habitat degredation Freshwater habitat degredation Industrialization, urbanization, deforestation, mining, and agricultural land and water uses. Industrialization, urbanization, deforestation, mining, and agricultural land and water uses. Fish Fish destruction and fragmentation of aquatic habitats destruction and fragmentation of aquatic habitats aquatic pollution: industrial and urban effluents and agro-chemicals run-off. aquatic pollution: industrial and urban effluents and agro-chemicals run-off. impoundment and channelization of water bodies, excessive water abstraction or diversion impoundment and channelization of water bodies, excessive water abstraction or diversion soil erosion soil erosion manipulation of hydrological characteristics of rivers, lakes and flood plains manipulation of hydrological characteristics of rivers, lakes and flood plains

12. Inland fishery awareness Lack scientific “proof” of their value - development decisions affecting fisheries, aquaculture and aquatic environments are often made with no consideration of these sectors. Lack scientific “proof” of their value - development decisions affecting fisheries, aquaculture and aquatic environments are often made with no consideration of these sectors. Policy makers in other sectors are not aware of the importance of inland fish production for food supplies and income generation. This sector is often not properly represented or empowered within existing institutional frameworks. Policy makers in other sectors are not aware of the importance of inland fish production for food supplies and income generation. This sector is often not properly represented or empowered within existing institutional frameworks.

13. IRM for sustainable inland fish production KEY CHALLENGES – In short KEY CHALLENGES – In short In most countries the main challenges to maintaining and enhancing inland fish production and associated social and economic benefits, are: In most countries the main challenges to maintaining and enhancing inland fish production and associated social and economic benefits, are: degradation of aquatic resources and environments degradation of aquatic resources and environments increasing competition for resources, and increasing competition for resources, and insufficient institutional and political recognition. insufficient institutional and political recognition.

14. Levels and areas where integration measures for enhanced fish production are possible: At the farm level: increased nutrient recycling through utilization of by-products and wastes in integrated agriculture-aquaculture systems (Hydroponics) is possible. increased nutrient recycling through utilization of by-products and wastes in integrated agriculture-aquaculture systems (Hydroponics) is possible. Significant scope exists for enhancing fish production by promoting these systems among small-scale farmers. Significant scope exists for enhancing fish production by promoting these systems among small-scale farmers. Such as rice-fish farming (also being promoted in integrated pest management) Such as rice-fish farming (also being promoted in integrated pest management)

15. Levels and areas where integration measures for enhanced fish production are possible: At the community level: Intensified stocking of natural and man-made water bodies, especially reservoirs, most of which are not utilized for fish production. Intensified stocking of natural and man-made water bodies, especially reservoirs, most of which are not utilized for fish production. Additional measures may include fertilization, predator control, habitat improvements, and cage culture. Additional measures may include fertilization, predator control, habitat improvements, and cage culture. Benefits from stocking herbivorous species may include maintenance of water quality and control of aquatic weeds in irrigation channels and reservoirs. Benefits from stocking herbivorous species may include maintenance of water quality and control of aquatic weeds in irrigation channels and reservoirs.

16. At state and national levels: Consultation of fishery experts in construction and operation of reservoirs and irrigation schemes. Consultation of fishery experts in construction and operation of reservoirs and irrigation schemes. Combined efforts by environmental and fishery agencies to prevent and reverse environmental degradation and to rehabilitate aquatic habitats and increase fish yields. Combined efforts by environmental and fishery agencies to prevent and reverse environmental degradation and to rehabilitate aquatic habitats and increase fish yields. Extensive organization of community-based management of common property resources, e.g. reservoir fisheries. Extensive organization of community-based management of common property resources, e.g. reservoir fisheries. Increased participation of fish producers and fisheries administrators in policy and decision making over allocation and use of water and land resources, at local and river basin levels. Increased participation of fish producers and fisheries administrators in policy and decision making over allocation and use of water and land resources, at local and river basin levels. Levels and areas where integration measures for enhanced fish production are possible:

17. Inland fisheries – case study conclusion Basic features of good integrated resource management (IRM) include the formation of extensive partnerships and the close involvement of local interests. Basic features of good integrated resource management (IRM) include the formation of extensive partnerships and the close involvement of local interests. Fishery and aquaculture stakeholders, both public and private, may therefore pursue actions which aim to: Fishery and aquaculture stakeholders, both public and private, may therefore pursue actions which aim to: empower local interests to plan and to implement conservation of the environment for fisheries empower local interests to plan and to implement conservation of the environment for fisheries protect resources and environment for fisheries and aquaculture by actively seeking partnerships with relevant government and non-government organizations. protect resources and environment for fisheries and aquaculture by actively seeking partnerships with relevant government and non-government organizations.

18. Inland fisheries – case study conclusion Need for additional technical assistance and policy guidance on IRM for sustainable production of fish and other food in watershed areas was identified. Need for additional technical assistance and policy guidance on IRM for sustainable production of fish and other food in watershed areas was identified. IRM can begin with improved cross- sectoral co-operation among the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sub- sectors. IRM can begin with improved cross- sectoral co-operation among the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sub- sectors.

19. Final thoughts on IRM Quantity of people involved. Australian IRM- Eight partner organisations. 19 boardmembers and directors + ? Time needed to accomplish anything. Global warming report (IPCC) – 3 work groups. Workgroup 1: ~600 authors. Lead auth. Met 4 times/2.5 yr. One chapter (Denman) had ~ 3000 individual comments – all answered in writing and posted on web!

20. Final thoughts on IRM Is there such a thing as involving too many people? Are we creating a higher level of Bureaucracy ? Who is going to provide funding for areas such as the Asian case study where it is the poor people who are really impacted? How long time will it take to educate “a poor man” to the level where he can efficiently defend his livelihood to the policy makers? And would he then still be part of, and involved in, that marginal group?