1. Cyrus W. Field was the driving force in America; on the British side it was Charles Bright and brothers John and Jacob Brett.

2. The Cold War ARPA Created
In 1957 this satellite called Sputnik motivated President
Dwight D. Eisenhower and the United Stated government to create the
Advanced Research Projects Agency. (ARPA)

3. James R. Killian, Jr.
Then MIT President became Presidential Assistant for Science. And helped established an agency called Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).
This organization united some of America's most brilliant people. Their goal was to establish the United States lead in science and technology applicable to the military.
ARPA
ARPA was as unique as its role, reporting directly to the Secretary of Defense and operating in coordination with but completely independent of the military research and development (R&D) establishment. ARPA's mission has been to assure that the U.S. maintains a lead in applying state-of-the-art technology for military capabilities and to prevent technological surprise from her adversaries.

4. The Race
to the
Moon
NASA
took over
ARPA
President John F. Kennedy
On May 25, 1961 Kennedy declared, "...I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."

5. Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there."
     Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.
Click on picture

6. Packet Switching July 1961
July 61 First paper on
Packet switching.
Leonard Kleinrock

7. Who’s Your Daddy? Packet Switching Inventors Leonard Kleinrock
Paul Baran
Donald Davies

8. Dr. Jack Ruina 60’s Style WAR and PEACE Vannevar Bush
Raython Co-Founder
Lincoln Labs
Dr. Jack Ruina
1961, director of ARPA
Original mission was to build a survivable network built on cross country radar system. the “SAGE “ Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
In 1962, hired J.C.R. Licklider
To head ITPO
Funded University Research
Funded Larry Roberts

9. MIT Visionary Psychologist that saw the
potential of the Intergalactic network.
1962 Came from Bolt, Beranek and Newman,
(BBN) in Cambridge, MA.
1st to head up IPTO Information
Techniques Processing Office
Continued large contracts to universities,
as well as high powered Labs.
Laid foundations for the ARPANET
Had the vision. But, no clue how to build it.
Saw that Larry Roberts was the “Answer”
JRC Licklider
“Lick”
Headed up IPTO

10. Believed in Licklider concept and funded the first Network research.
Like Licklider he tried to hire
Larry Roberts from MIT to IPTO
Funded Roberts in first program that used POTS to send packets from TX-1 at MIT to Tom Merrill’s Q-32 in California UCLA.
Sutherland's program enabled the creation of the field of computer graphics that has led to all the graphical displays available today.
Air traffic control.
Ivan Sutherland
2nd head of
ARPA’s
IPTO

11. BobTaylor 3rd Head of ARPA’s IPTO
1966 Robert Taylor became director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO),
Because of duplicate work being done at ARPA funded institutions, and because the institutions were always asking for newer and better (more expensive) computers. Roberts decided that ARPA should link these institutions together, and save money.
Both Sunderland and Taylor tried to hire Roberts
When Roberts refused they appealed to
Charlie Hertzfeld who put pressure on the
director at Lincoln Labs who convinced Roberts
to take the ARPA job.
Got Hertzfeld to agree to uncontrolled funding of the network experiment.
BobTaylor
3rd Head of
ARPA’s
IPTO

12. The Man with the plan
1964 met with JCR Licklider, Licklider’s
vision sparks Roberts to undertake the creation
and implementation of the internet
After much resistance Roberts begins the design
of the ARPANET.
The APRANET as proposed to congress by
Roberts was to explore computer resource sharing
and packet switched communications. It had
Nothing to do with nuclear war, or survivability.
Reliability was one of the key network issues that
Dictated packet switching.
Lawrence Roberts
4rd head of
ARPA’s IPTO

14. MIT Visionary Psychologist that saw the
potential of the Intergalactic network.
1962 Came from Bolt, Beranek and Newman,
(BBN) in Cambridge, MA.
1st to head up IPTO Information
Techniques Processing Office
Continued large contracts to universities,
as well as high powered Labs.
Laid foundations for the ARPANET
Had the vision. But, no clue how to build it.
Saw that Larry Roberts was the “Answer”
JRC Licklider
“Lick”
5th Director
Back as head in 1973

15. ARPA
DARPA 1972
ARPA
DARPA 1996
DARPA - On March 23, 1972, by DoD Directive, the name was changed to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). DARPA was established as a separate defense agency under the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
ARPA - On February 22, 1993, DARPA was redesignated the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) -- as the agency was known before The change was outlined in President Bill Clinton's strategy paper, "Technology for America's Economic Growth, A New Direction to Build Economic Strength.“
DARPA - On February 10, 1996, Public Law , under Title IX of the Fiscal Year 1996 Defense Authorization Act, directed an organizational name change to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).