1. Water management and restoration in Hungary 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy Zoltán Karácsonyi, László Stündl, Tünde Szabó University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

2. Key features: Hungary is located in the Danube watershed Area: 93.000 km 2, Over 90% of waters originate beyond the borders Two main problems: - Excess water (inland inundations and floods) - Water deficit (draughts) Carpathian Basin - Hungary 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

3. Hungary – flooded areas before river regulations History: Regulations started in the 18 th Century Reason: economic needs (agriculture) and public safety Dyke construction on both sides of the rivers Results: safer and increased arable production Side effect: inland inundations, water to be pumped back to the river (by pumping stations) 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

4. 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy Watershed Dykes and prevented area Amount and source of inflow

5. Heavy floods in short period of time (water discharge of River Tisza water:1:40) 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy Extremities in the water regime Draughts – continuously increasing significance (desertfication) especially in Mid-Hungary (between two large rivers, Danube and Tisza) Inland inundations – wast areas involved

6. Structure of the Hungarian water management Ministry for Environment and Water Management Directorate for Environment protection, Nature Conservation and Water Management Divisions: - Nature conservation, - Enviromnetal protection - Water management Environment protection and Water Management Authority Regional Water DirectoratesRegional Water Authorities 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy Professional branchAuthority branch

7. Regional water directorates and authorities 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

8. Competences of actors in water management - Ministry – state owned large facilities (rivers, lakes, etc.) - Water Management Associations – running of multi-owner facilities - Local Authorities – water management and prevention within municipalities Other institutions connected to water management - Environmental directorates and authorities - Nature conservation directorates and authorities - National Spatial- and Regional Development Councils and Agencies - NGOs International – WWF, IUCN, Greenpeace International, etc. National - umbrella organisations: Ornithological association, National Society of Conservationists, - local organisations: associations, foundations, etc. at local level 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

9. Water framework directive - Obligatory programme - Hungary - Danube watershed 2000/60 EC Directive - Hungary as EU candidate and member state participate in the implementation from the beginnings - Latest report: 2004. June: - location, - competencies, - legal framework, - responsibilities, - international relations (multi- and bilateral) Austria: June, 1959. 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

10. Recent significant water management development activities in Hungary Tisza River restoration programme Extremely heavy floods New strategy: - Dyke reconstruction - Flood reservoirs - Floodplain reconstruction 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy 2001 2000 1999

11. Flood prevention - 14 lowland reservoirs - 78.000 hectares of total surface - 1500 mill. m 3 storage capacity Programme development including PR project: - Negotiations with stakeholders, municipalities, NGOs. - NGOs invited to comment during the whole planning period. - Veto for several reservoirs, but 1+ included (Nagykörű) now 5 reservoirs are decided, implementation start 2004-2005 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy Main features

12. Lake Balaton water supply - Largest shallow lake, - Extremely low water level (reason: 2000-2003 low precipitation in the watershed) - Water supply – necessary? - Source: riverine (Danube, Mura, Rába, Dráva) or Karstic water? - strong civil interest (for and against) - high touristic importance - strong local support (economic reasons) Strategic environmental assessment Outcome: the plan is given up primarily for ecological reasons. Due to favourable weather the lack of water is now only -10 cm Municipality Board meeting on a dune (August, 2002.) 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

13. Lake Fertő water supply - Location: Austrian-Hungarian border - Austria – touristic, nature cons. - Hungary – Iron curtain, limited access area (Zero develoment until 1989.) 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy Main features: Shallow (average depth below 1m) Highly saline (avg. salt content 2000 mg/l) Small watershed (1200 km 2 ) compared to lake surface (310 km 2 ); rate only 3:1) World heritage title (2002 dec.)

14. Actors connected to water management of Fertő lake Water Management Authority (manager and authority) National Park (manager and authority) - activities: wetland development, tourism, fisheries, Fisheries (Hungarian side: 1700 ha, 1/10 of whole lake) - 9 private fishermen (small scale), 22-26 tonnes/year - Eel fishery (stocking finished), still carps and predators Angling - 1000 licenses/year, 1800-2500 kg/year, limited access Reed production - largest reed field in Central Europe (7000 ha) - high natural value (habitat), Sailing - 3 clubs, private investments (harbour) Regional Development Agency, Micro-region Development Agency – primarily tourism 1. LAKEPROMO SEMINAR 25.11. – 26.11.2004 Microteknia, Kuopio FINLAND University of Debrecen, HUNGARY Centre for Environmental Management and Policy