4. Visual processing pathways Ungerleider et al., 1998

5. Suzuki and Amaral, 1994 Organization and strength of cortical inputs to the hippocampus

6. VanRullen, 2003 Hierarchical organization of the ventral visual stream

7. Schematic representation of the ventral visual pathway Rousselet et al., 2004

8. Distributed semantic model Patterson et al., 2007

9. Semantic hub model Patterson et al., 2007

11. - stroke - Herpes simplex virus encephalitis - Alzheimer’s disease - fronto-temporal dementia (semantic variant) Semantic dementia (SD)

12. Patterson et al., 2007

14. Differences between semantic dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in measures of semantic memory 1 minute to list as many examples of a semantic category as they can Pyramids and Palm Trees test of semantic association

15. Patterson et al., 2007 Differences between semantic dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in measures of brain hypometabolism regions (18F)fluoro ‑ 2- deoxy ‑ D -glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)

16. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Positron emission tomography (PET) Functional MRI (fMRI) Voxel-based morphometry (T1 ‑ weighted MRI) Rostral temporal lobes are ‘hard-to-get’

17. “To paraphrase a recently-departed United States Secretary of Defense, Hub model: ATL regions as being crucial for semantic processing, or … we do not believe that the seeming absence of evidence constitutes, in this case, evidence of absence.“

18. Patterson et al., 2007 ATL activation in functional imaging studies of semantic processing

19. Patterson et al., 2007 ATL activation in functional imaging studies of semantic processing

20. Thank you for your attention