1. 171 ENG 213 FINAL EXAM An Introduction to Language By Fromkin, Rodman & Hyams 8 th Edition, 2007

2. 172 ENG 213 FINAL EXAM An Introduction to Language By Fromkin, Rodman & Hyams 8 th Edition, 2007

3. 173 Assimilation Rules Voicing Nasalization Aspiration Palatalization Vowel lengthening Fronting Rounding

4. 174 Contrast I Competence-Performance Deixis of Time-Place-Person Homonyms-Polysemes Cognates-Heteronyms- Homophones Synonyms-Antonyms-Converses

5. 175 Contrast II Pidgin-Creole Marked-Unmarked Forms Ideograms-Pictograms-Syllabary Alphabet-Morphophonemic System Broca’s-Wernike’s Aphasia

6. 176 Definitions I AMESLAN Etymology Contradiction Critical Age Hypothesis Corpus Colosum Cuneiform Hieroglyph

7. 177 Definitions II Ideolect Innateness Hypothesis Rebus Principle Spelling Pronunciation Tautology Verner’s Law

8. 178 Examples Artificial Language Metanalysis

9. 179 Indo-European Languages Celtic (4) Romance (7) Germanic (10) Slavic (9) Indo-Iranian (5)

10. 1710 Listing (10 of each) Regional Phonological Features Regional Words or Expressions Britishisms

11. 1711 Long-Answer Essay (15 pts each) 1. Explain pragmatics in detail, using examples from English to support your explanation. 2. Explain “semantics” in detail, using examples from English to support your explanation.

12. 1712 Short-Answer Essay (5 pts each) 1. Compare and contrast animal languages with human languages. 2. Draw the great English vowel shift 3. Draw Grimm’s law 4. Explain why the human brain is capable of language while the animal brain is not.

13. 1713 Vowel Grades (25 pts) AE I O U Long Short R- Schwa Zero

14. 1714 Silent vs. Non-Silent Consonants Muscle Thumb Sign Knowledge mnemonic

15. 1715 !Full vs. Reduced Grade of Consonants Critic Part Sonar describe

16. 1716 !!Morphophonemic Spelling System Give seven insights that are provided by a morphophonemic spelling system which are not provided by a phonemic spelling system.

17. 17 !!!Fromkin-Rodman-Hyams PowerPoints 7. Phonology 8. Language Acquisition 9. Language Processing 10. Language in Society 11. Language Change 12. Writing Systems