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Lane Reservation for Highways (Position Paper) Nishkam Ravi 1, Stephen Smaldone 1, Liviu Iftode 1, and Mario Gerla 2 1 Computer Science Rutgers University, NJ {nravi, smaldone, iftode}@cs.rutgers.edu 2 Computer Science UCLA, CA gerla@cs.ucla.edu
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2 Modern Highways Highway Travel Time = ???
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3 Modern Highway Usage Scenarios Bob Bob’s Work Bob’s Home Highway 1 Hour 2 Hours Nancy Tuesday 4:30 PM Court
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4 Reservation Systems Departure: 3:30 PM Arrival: 4:30 PM Reservation Guarantee Train Plane
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5 Lane Reservation System for Highways Highway Reservation/ Enforcement System Enforce Reserve RFID Reader/ Camera High-Priority Lane Low-Priority Lanes Lane Entrance Assistance System
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6 Outline Introduction Design Policies and Issues Security and Privacy Implementation and Evaluation Plan Related and Prior Work Conclusions and Future Work
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7 Design Requirements Reservations Drivers need a way to reserve a slot on the High-Priority Lane Entering the High-Priority Lane The system must assist drivers to enter the HPL at the appropriate time, with minimal disruption to higher speed traffic Exiting the High-Priority Lane The system must account for exiting time and assist drivers to exit the HPL to maintain upper bound on travel time Enforcement The system must ensure that only drivers with valid reservations may travel on the HPL Exception Handling The system must be able to cope with exceptional conditions, e.g., cancellations, exchanges, accidents, road closures, etc.
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8 Reservation System Driver B Date / Time Single Highway Section Single-Leg Reservation Slot Price Driver A Reservation System Source & Destination Multiple Highways Multi-Leg Reservation Combined Price Policy 1 Frequent Driver Reservation System Date / Time Highway Section Location Traces Trace-Based Reservation Price Policy 2 On Demand Request Highway Section On-Demand Reservation Price Reservation System In-Transit Driver Policy 3
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9 Lane Entrance Assistance System Cars travel at relatively higher speeds in HPL The system must assist drivers to enter the HPL with minimal disruption to HPL traffic Sequence Number Digital Ticket RTY Y ACK SD Digital Ticket RTY SD Policy 1Policy 2
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10 Lane Exit Assurance System Regular lanes may be jammed, blocking highway exit Exit lanes may be jammed Exit Lane HPL Exit Lane Reservation System Exit Lane Reservation Reserve
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11 Enforcement System Model 1: Highways can be instrumented with digital cameras to record license plate numbers Model 2: Vehicles can be equipped with RFID tags and highways and police cars can be instrumented with RFID readers Model 3: Vehicles can challenge each other to present valid digital tickets over vehicle-to-vehicle communication Enforcement System Enforce RFID Reader/ Camera Models 1 & 2 Enforce Digital Ticket Model 3
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12 Exception Handling System Reservation Exceptions The system must handle cancellations, reimbursements, and reassignment of reservations The system should allow reservations to be exchanged between drivers, based on mutual agreement between two drivers Accidents Accidents may occur in the High-Priority Lane The system should handle rebooking reservation slots for drivers Rebooking may involve multi-leg reservations
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13 Outline Introduction Design Security and Privacy Implementation and Evaluation Plan Related and Prior Work Conclusions and Future Work
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14 Security and Privacy Issues Privacy Issues In reserving a slot, drivers are revealing the specifics of their future intended travel (location and time) In providing location traces, drivers are surrendering proof of their past travel information The system must provide trustworthiness to drivers to foster participation Security Issues New entrants to the High-Priority Lane must broadcast their sequence numbers, which may be forged The system must provide a mechanism for the signing and verification of the broadcast sequence numbers The system must provide a mechanism for the validation of the authenticity of digital signatures Communication with the reservation and enforcement system must be encrypted to counter “man-in-the-middle” attacks
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15 Implementation and Evaluation Plan Reservation System Will be built from commodity hardware / software Export a web-based front-end over the Internet Lane Entrance Assistance System Will be built using car PC’s and mobile phones Enforcement System Will utilize car PC’s, mobile phones, RFID tags and readers, and road- side cameras Evaluation Metrics Measure best case performance Measure performance with exceptions Measure break-even performance Measure relative performance (as compared to alternative systems)
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16 Vehicular Simulation Plan Unlikely to be possible to evaluate possible policies for each system component in real world deployments Prune worst performing policies through simulation Some cases can only be simulated Too costly or difficult to test in a real world test bed VANET Simulator [Gorgorin’06] Must extend to support HPL components Receive Event Send Event GPS Event Receive Handler Send Procedure GPS Data Vehicular Mobility Model Node State SchedulerMobility Models Vehicle 1 Vehicle 2Vehicle 3 … Events Queue
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17 Related and Prior Work Related Work Congestion/Road Pricing [Smeed’64] Prior Work TrafficView [Nadeem’04, Nadeem’06] EZCab [Zhou’05] Vehicular Services over V2V [Dikaiakos’07, Riva’07] Adaptive Traffic Lights using V2V [Gorgorin’07] VANET Simulation [Gorgorin’06] Security and Privacy [Picconi’06, Ravi’06] Experimental Vehicles, Intelligent Intersection, and Instrumented Car [Palazzi’07] WHYNET Project [Magistretti’06, Lee’06, Roccetti’07]
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18 Conclusions and Future Work Lane Reservation System for Highways Differentiated service for high-priority traffic Design rationale for component systems Research Plan Evaluate system under various policies through simulation Prototype and deploy system within a real world test bed
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Thank you! http://discolab.rutgers.edu
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