1. Bibliographic Techniques 2009 Sue Bird Reader Services Librarian (Geography)

2. Bibliographic Techniques  Plagiarism v. Referencing  SOLO, OLIS & OXLIP+  Reference works  Databases  Searching techniques

3. Plagiarism All academic work will inevitably at some point involve the use and discussion of critical material written by others with due acknowledgement and with references given. This is standard critical practice and can be clearly distinguished from appropriating without acknowledgement and presenting as your own material produced by others, which is what constitutes plagiarism. (Modern History and English - Preliminary Exams Handbook 2003/4) http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/info/fhs/plagiarism.html http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/index.shtml

4. Avoiding Plagiarism "... You must always indicate to the examiners when you have drawn on the work of others; other people's original ideas and methods should be clearly distinguished from your own, and other people's words, illustrations, diagrams etc. should be clearly indicated regardless of whether they are copied exactly, paraphrased, or adapted......The University reserves the right to use software applications to screen any individual's submitted work for matches either to published sources or to other submitted work. Any such matches respectively might indicate either plagiarism or collusion...... Although the use of electronic resources by students in their academic work is encouraged, you should remember that the regulations on plagiarism apply to on-line material and other digital material just as much as to printed material..." Section 9.5 Proctors' and Assessor's MemorandumProctors' and Assessor's Memorandum

5. Good academic practice So by following the citation principles and practices in place in your subject area, you will develop a rigorous approach to academic referencing, and avoid inadvertent plagiarism.

6. Referencing and Citation 2 main ways of organizing your references a) Parenthetical or author/date – often called the Harvard system b) Footnotes on a page or endnotes for a chapter N.B. This is not to be confused with the computer package of the same name.

7. References / Bibliography Be uniform in your referencing system:- Probably use the Harvard system as suggested on the School’s web-site – but whatever you do use – just be consistent. http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/info/f hs/dissertation/referencing.html

8. Citation practice Also large number of manuals available to give guidance and sound practice. 1:Doing a literature review / Chris Hart (London, 1998) [H 62 HAR ] 2:Manual for writers / Kate Turabin (7 th ed. Chicago, 2007) [LB 2369 TUR ] 3:Communicating in geography & the environmental sciences / Ian Hay (3 rd ed. Oxford, 2006) [G 70 HAY ] 4:Cite them right /Pears & Shields (2008 ed.) [LB 2369 PEA]

9. References / Bibliography Organize your research and manage your database of references Include citations while you write your paper Build a bibliography in a variety of formats Import references from many different data sources Create bibliographies in different document formats (Word, RTF, HTML, etc.)

10. References / Bibliography EndNote system:- Web version available within the Oxford domain http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/eresources Also a software package that you purchase from O.U.C.S. but you then have it permanently Courses laid on (http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk)http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk

11. References / Bibliography RefWorks http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/eresources/refworks http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/eresources/refworks Refworks is a free (whilst you are at Oxford) web- based bibliographic software package. You pay an annual fee after you leave. Being web-based means no software to download and update, and you can access your personal account from any computer connected to the web. Courses laid on by the Computing Services (http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk)http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk

12. Bibliographic Techniques SOLO : S earch O xford L ibraries O nline Search and discovery tool for the Oxford Libraries' vast collections of resources. Mainly OLIS (Oxford's union catalogue of printed and electronic books and journals)OLIS Title link over 1,000 databases on OxLIP+OxLIP+

24. E-Journals I didn't check for the hard copy - so used to getting online access!

27. Newspapers Electronic newspapers Some are freely available. Alphabetic list on OxLIP+ Best source for the “Text Only” of huge range of newspapers and magazines is Lexis-Nexis News Service. Goes back approximately 10 yrs in most cases and is very current i.e. today’s daily news items

31. Newspapers Legal information, cases etc. Lexis Nexis Butterworths WestLaw – both UK & US editions (if necessary ask the Law Library for help)

32. Bibliographic Techniques Use SOLO or OxLIP+ to access Reference tools Abstracting and Indexing services

33. Electronic resources OxLIP+ : Oxford Libraries Information Platform Access to Electronic Resources available in Oxford (i.e. those the University has subscribed to which isn’t everything) N.B. :Web version will only give approx 25% access outside of the Oxford Domain unless – Oxford Single Sign-on (i.e. Web-Mail) account

34. Reference Sources  General reference tools. CREDO Reference (formerly Xreferplus)= Reference works incl. Dictionaries, encyclopedias etc International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (This is a database not a book!) Dictionaries. OED; Oxford Reference On-line

43. Bibliographic Techniques Abstracting and Indexing Services (for finding the actual journal articles) Vast range. SCOPUS (includes GEOBASE) OVID SP Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Web of Knowledge

44. SCOPUS Research Service from Elsevier Includes GeoBase Searches abstracts Includes chapters in edited books & conference proceedings Full text links to

62. Databases vs. Search engines Contents are indexed by subject specialists Subject headings Limiting functions e.g. publication types, language Allow you to View Search history Combine searches Mark and sort results Print/save/email/export Save searches Set up alerts Searches done by automated “web crawlers” No thesaurus / subject headings – just free text searching No limiting functions Usually none of these!

63. Bibliographic Techniques Web of Science/Knowledge Includes Science, Social Science & Arts and Humanities Citation Indexes Citation indexes can be used in the same way as any other abstracting and indexing service. Their extra facility is the option to search the bibliographies of any articles- a citation search. Academics use the citation index to find out who has cited their work.

79. Bibliographic Databases

80. OVIDSP Biosis Previews – biogeography CAB Abstracts – biogeography Forest Science - biogeography GeoRef – physical geography & geology EconLit – economic geography Zoological Abstracts - biogeography

84. Bibliographic Techniques Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Various useful databases (not just science) Full text journal link to SfX (but not all journals are available electronically) Recommend you use Advanced searching Similar search mechanisms to other databases using keywords etc. can print, emails results etc

91. Bibliographic Techniques EBSCO Host International Bibliography of the Social Sciences Historical Abstracts Full text journal link to SfX (but not all journals are available electronically)

95. Bibliographic Databases Search :- Ecotouris* 2006-2009 Results so far:- SOLO: 179 books & journals inc e-access OLIS : tw=50 books sw=175 books Scopus = 719 articles Ovid = 790 after de-duplication of 1028 articles & book chapters C.S.A = 786 articles EbscoHost = 55 articles W.o.K. = 343 articles Google Scholar = 1270 or 1940 books, reviews, articles, etc.

102. Bibliographic Databases Search :- Ecotouris* 2009 only Scopus = 123 articles W.o.K. = 89 articles Ovid = 86 after de-duplication of 108 articles & book chapters C.S.A = 75 articles (70 after de-duplication) EbscoHost = 2 articles RefWorks de-duplication = 271

104. Bibliographic Databases Search Tip : 1 Important to remember that although each database covers thousands of journal titles no single database is ever comprehensive. If you are having difficulty finding material on a topic use the keywords you find in any relevant reference and search again.

105. Bibliographic Databases Search Tip : 2 Use Boolean Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT also proximity operators Adj (literally adjacent); Near(same sentence); With(same field) Field descriptors: AU(author); TI(title); AB (abstract); SO(source or reference); DE (general descriptor) etc are likely to be specific to each database and won’t operate in ‘cross searches’ Combining searches: #1 and #2

106. Bibliographic Techniques Search Tip : 3 Take time to explore the various databases & platforms available. Some will be more useful to you than others. Scopus OvidSP Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Web of Knowledge but there are others – e.g. International Bibliography of the Social Sciences via EbscoHost http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/services/information_skills/wiser

107. Bibliographic Techniques Search Tip : 4 Consider subject synonyms & British and US spellings. Apply truncation, usually * to find plurals/alternative word endings and ? to replace a single character. Expand search by following hypertext links esp subject headings Use tagging facilities within database to mark articles for printing, emailing, downloading or exporting. Authors names: Check the online help for formats. Use the database index to find different forms of author’s name, otherwise truncate first initial.

108. Bibliographic Techniques Three ways to keep up to date: E-mail alert – you can specify a search to be repeated and the results emailed to you at chosen intervals or Zetoc will tell you when the next issue of a journal is available. Saving and rerunning searches – you save a search and run it again in the future. Citation Alert – you will receive an email every time a particular article is cited in another WoK or Scopus indexed article.

109. Bibliographic Techniques Apart from Bibliographic Electronic Resources there are some factual databases available via OxLIP+ e.g.:- World development indicators, EIU Country Reports, Demographic Yearbook etc. If they are CD-ROM based they may require you to download software

110. Further assistance: This presentation available on-line http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/science/training/biosciences More courses available: http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/itlp/ Other presentations http://sers018.sers.ox.ac.uk/services/training/wiser Sue.bird@ouls.ox.ac.uk

111. Bibliographic Techniques Please ask a Librarian if you get stuck trying to use any of the resources or would like advice on the most suitable databases for your enquiries. GOOD LUCK WITH YOUR STUDIES!