1. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" “ The roots of insecurity ”

2. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" What we know about security & stability: 1.Weapons (=not=)security 2.Security (=not=)national basis 3.Must focus on people, not states 4.Non-military factors are important

3. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Pressures not necessarily --> violence But often -->polarization, radicalization Esp. when combined with –Poverty –Weak govt –Arms –Lack of hope

4. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Insecurity not always --> violence Depends on length of instability & suffering Suffering from poverty>suffering from war

5. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" So, which factors--> “ insecurity ” ? Lots of countries have disease, unemployment, climate change, etc. We must look at the interactions to figure out which ones are destabilizing

6. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Resource Wars: Extracting resources Powerful countries vs. resource-rich countries I.e. Oil, ore mining, logging, gems Benefits and burdens unequally shared with indigenous people

7. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity", I.e. Water, arable land, forests, fisheries Resources are depleted and populations increase -->local violence For example, water By 2015, 40% of people will live in water- stressed countries Resource Wars: renewable resources

8. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Climate Change Will impact environment More intense weather -->population movements

9. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Reliable Food Supply Directly impacts security/insecurity Intersection of poverty, water availability, land distribution & environ. Degradation 1.4 billion people in “ environmental fragility ”

10. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Connection to disease: Hunger-->easy to get sick AIDS-->infected young adults lose productivity, can ’ t farm -->more hunger Poverty, weak economy-->social instability Diseases cross borders easily

11. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" “ Natural ” disasters? EX: Deforestation --> more floods, landslides Combine that with climate change intensity Degraded ecosystems--worse for poor

12. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Environmental Refugees Ex: Desertification-->where can they go? Maybe not welcome by neighbors

13. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Economic Insecurity 75% of world ’ s workers feel economically insecure Unemployed youth or working poor “ youth bulge ” Highest rate of youth unemployment: middle east & north Africa

14. SOW2005 Chapter 1, Section 1 "The roots of insecurity" Frustrated youth Destabilizing force Looking for status (could)--> –criminal behavior, riots, extremism Positive influences: open government, govt. ability to change, people ’ s identity, civic engagement, and role of education