1. NAWS California versus Other Farmworkers:NAWS in the 1990s Daniel Carroll, USDOL Susan Gabbard, Aguirre International Changing Faces Conference Asilomar, California May 19, 2003

2. NAWS Demographic changes 1989-2000 n It has become increasingly hard to make a living doing farmwork n Farmworkers are drawn from even more vulnerable populations than before n There are more migrants, particularly international migrants and solo migrants

3. NAWS Farmworkers wages did not keep up with other industries

4. NAWS Farmworkers’ wages did not keep up with inflation

5. NAWS Employment patterns changed over the last 10 years *1999 data only

6. NAWS Folks doing farmwork changed * 1991-1992 data

7. NAWS Family composition changed – fewer parents, more singles

8. NAWS Migration PERIOD89 - 9099 - 00 Migrant43%50% Move from Farm Job to Farm Job15%11% Move from Homebase (not FW) to Farm Job 28%39% Newcomers4%23% International Migrants23%36%

9. NAWS As a result, more farmworkers work away from their families

10. NAWS Differences between CA and Other n Over the 90s, the gap has narrowed in both job and worker characteristics but important differences remain

11. NAWS Job Similarities

12. NAWS Job Differences

13. NAWS Worker Similarities

14. NAWS Worker Differences

15. NAWS Summary of Differences n More farm labor contracting in California n More turnover in California n Non-newcomers more likely to be Mexican immigrants in California.