1. GLOPEM Political Theory and Political Thought MODULE 1 Political Thought and European Democracy (3 cfu) G. Costanzo

2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712 - 1778

3. Locke Locke - Sovereignty of the individual Rousseau Rousseau - Sovereignty of the State

4. The Contract Social order Social order Civil law Civil law General Will General Will Public good Public good

5. Democracy as: Government Government Regime Regime

6. Sovereign: Moral and collective body Moral and collective body Exercise of the General Will Exercise of the General Will General Will is always right General Will is always right Public utility Public utility

7. Sovereign: People assembled = sovereign People assembled = sovereign People not assembled = subjects People not assembled = subjects People as individuals = citizens People as individuals = citizens

8. Attributs of sovereignty: Inalienable Inalienable Indivisible Indivisible Infallible Infallible Absolute Absolute

9. Government: Executive branch of the General Will Executive branch of the General Will Separation from the Sovereign Separation from the Sovereign

10. Characters of government: Strength (indirect relation) Strength (indirect relation) Rectitude (direct relation) Rectitude (direct relation)

11. The forms of government: One = Monarchy One = Monarchy All/Most = Democracy All/Most = Democracy A Minority = Aristocracy A Minority = Aristocracy - Natural - Natural - Hereditary (the worst) - Hereditary (the worst) - Elective (the best) - Elective (the best)

12. The forms of government: Democracy small states Democracy small states Aristocracy moderate-sized Aristocracy moderate-sized city-states city-states Monarchy large states Monarchy large states

13. Democracy as a regime: The Sovereign as body politic The Sovereign as body politic The law as expression of the General Will The law as expression of the General Will

14. The Debate C. E. Vaughan C. E. Vaughan (democratic totalitarianism) (democratic totalitarianism) R. Derathé R. Derathé (liberal tradition) (liberal tradition)

15. General Will is enstablished by Majority rule Majority rule - The Convention - The Convention - Unanimous decision - Unanimous decision

16. The change of Regime implies: The abandonment of Democracy The abandonment of Democracy The waiver to reach political truth The waiver to reach political truth

17. Which Democracy? Democracy as government of the Democracy as government of the ancient world ancient world Republic as representative Republic as representative government government

18. Rousseau’s Republicanism First choice First choice - R epublican Contractualism - R epublican Contractualism - Democratic Republicanism - Democratic Republicanism