1. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 IP Over DWDM : The Next Step Niall Robinson Director - Photonics Systems Integration Qtera Corporation robinson@qtera.com Building a data-centric network free of bandwidth restrictions and spatial boundaries

2. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 Terabit Routers / Switches Data-centric network backbones need only two network elements Data drives capacity demand Data already exceeds 50% of transatlantic capacity 0% 100% 200% 300% 19992004 Voice Data Survivable Photonic Transport Systems

3. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 u Optical Interconnect is Necessary îElectrical conversion, if any, defeats the purpose of ultra long reach u Hundreds of Gigabits Tx Rx Tx Rx l Router No geographic boundaries

4. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 Long Distance Demand = Long Haul Transport Old: Restoration-Path Length = 4.5 x Primary-Path Length New: Restoration-Path Length = 1.5 x Primary-Path Length Meshed long-haul demand = Meshed long-haul transport Requires very flexible optical add/drop Restoration path distances are comparable to primary paths

5. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 Long Haul Transport = Advanced Technologies High Speed Electronics Microwave Integrated Circuits GaAs, SiGe Use Fiber Non-Linearities New Modulation Formats Advanced Pulse Shapes Non-linear amplification Increased PMD tolerance ASICs 0.18  m / 0.10  m CMOS DWDM Devices Low Loss Switching Routing components Advanced Optical Components

6. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 Typical Carrier Transport Network - Capital Expenditure Breakdown $15 LINE AMPS $30 REGENS $45 TERMINAL OPTICS $5 O T H E R $5 T R I B S $1 O T H E R $6 T R I B S $15 LINE AMPS $36 TERMINAL OPTICS $2 R E G E N S Distance = Cheap Bandwidth Eliminate O/E/O Regeneration Minimize Nodal Costs

7. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 The “10 for 10” List Top ten reasons to use 10 Gb/s (OC-192) channels in the backbone 9 Non-linear 10 Gb/s implementation prepares the network for 40 Gb/s channel rates 8 Routers prefer a single 10 Gb/s port over 4x2.5 Gb/s to optimize performance 7 Direct 10 Gb/s Ethernet (10GE) connections and OC192c services 5 Fewer NEs: fewer spares, higher availability 4 Less power 3 Optimize floor space 2 Lowest cost per bit 6 Minimize router-to-transport interconnections 1 Maximize throughput per fiber 10 2.5 Gb/s is a dead-end solution, “bigger is better”

8. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 Purely Photonic Networking = Optical Internet No Bandwidth Restrictions Routers + Photonics = Optical Internet No Spatial Boundaries Rapid Bandwidth Provisioning Fastest Restoration Highest Reliability Leased Wavelength Services Simplicity, Scalability, and Elegance: PhotonPackets TM

9. Dec. 6th, 1999Globecom’99 IP Over DWDM : The Next Step Niall Robinson Director - Photonics Systems Integration Qtera Corporation robinson@qtera.com Building a data-centric network free of bandwidth restrictions and spatial boundaries