1. Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” Evolution

2. Any change in the genetic make-up of a population through time A natural process……

3. Some background and history…. Evolution

4. Biology – 1500-1700s

5. Geology/Geography 1500-1700s

6. Konrad Gessner (1516-1565) Historiae Animalium (1551-1558)

7. Konrad Gessner

9. Edward Topsel (1572-1625) 1607

10. Edward Topsel

11. Cat Edward Topsel

12. “Let it not suffice to be book-learned, to read what others have written and to take upon trust more falsehood than truth, but let us ourselves examine things as we have opportunity, and converse with Nature as well as with books.” John Ray -- 1691 (1627-1705) Natural History

13. Fixed species in an unchanging world

14. An ever changing world running on natural laws

15. Transmutation

16. William Paley (1743-1805)

17. Natural Theology Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, collected from the Appearances of Nature 1802 William Paley

18. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) *Swedish botanist *father of modern taxonomy

19. Carl Linnaeus 1758

20. Lotus fruticosus L. L A botanical specimen from Linnaeus’ collection Swedish Museum of Natural History

21. *French Zoologist *Father of comparative anatomy *Fossils and extinction Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

22. Jardin des Plantes, Paris

23. Mary Anning (1799-1843)

24. Richard Owen (1804-1892)

25. Crystal Palace Dinosaurs London

26. James Hutton (1737-1823) *English Geologist *Uniformitarianism *Gradualism

27. James Hutton

28. *Uniformitarianism *Gradualism

29. Thomas Malthus 1766-1834 *Essay on Population (1798)

30. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) *living things change through time *Inheritance of acquired traits

31. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) *Philosophie zoologique (1809) *coined terms: “invertebrate” and “biology”

32. “Inheritance of acquired traits” Lamarckian evolution

33. William Smith 1769-1839

34. William Smith Geologic map of England and Wales 1815

35. *English Geologist *very influential Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

36. 1835

38. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

39. Voyage of the HMS Beagle 1831-1836

40. Voyage of the HMS Beagle

41. Beagle Channel, Patagonia Voyage of the HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands

42. Darwin’s Finches Galapagos Islands Voyage of the HMS Beagle

43. 1839 Voyage of the HMS Beagle

45. Geochelone nigra porteri Galapagos Tortoise Voyage of the HMS Beagle Harriet ca. 1830-2006

46. Darwin House --- south of London

47. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) “If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.”

48. Alfred Russell Wallace 1823-1913 1858: “On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type”

51. Darwin, 1859

52. Descent with Modification Natural Selection 1. Populations (species) have the capacity to over- reproduce.

53. Descent with Modification Natural Selection 1. Populations (species) have the capacity to over- reproduce. 2. Within a population there is variation.

54. Descent with Modification Natural Selection 1. Populations (species) have the capacity to over- reproduce. 2. Within a population there is variation. 3. This variation is heritable

55. Descent with Modification Natural Selection 1. Populations (species) have the capacity to over- reproduce. 2. Within a population there is variation. 3. This variation is heritable Inferences Survival is not random. Beneficial variations passed into next generation.

56. Selection is based on Fitness

57. Natural Selection Industrial melanism

58. Artificial Selection Fitness is determined by human breeder

59. Artificial Selection

62. Sexual Selection Fitness determined by mate

63. Sexual Selection

64. Swordtails (Xiphophorus) M F

65. Sexual Selection Irish Elk Megaloceros

66. Kin Selection Natural Selection and Altruism

67. Kin Selection Indirect fitness through your close relatives

68. Kin Selection Wasps, ants, bees, termites

69. Naked mole rats Kin Selection