1. Motor 1

2. All Movement Involves the rotation of Skeletal Joints Joints can rotate along: One axis (knee) Two axes (wrist) Three axes (hip)

3. Muscles only Generate force When they Contract So muscles are always Arranged in pairs for Rotating joints in both directions Note tendons which Attach muscles to the skeleton

4. Muscles Contract in Response to Acetyl Choline Cholinergic Motor neurons make these connections

5. Muscles themselves are Made of fibers Each fiber contracts In response to Ach induced depolarization

6. Muscle Has Different Fiber Types

7. Cat Gastrocmenius

9. Cat Soleus

12. Contractile Properties of Whole Muscles Vary

13. Muscles Have Heterogenous Properties Twitch Contractions

14. The Motor Unit

18. Motor Units are Homogenous by Fiber Type Fiber Types are Adaptive

19. Conduction Velocities of Alpha-MN Axons soleus Gastroc.

22. The Size Principle

23. Feedback Signals From Muscle

24. Muscles also have sensory transducers Imbedded in them Stretch receptors (also Called spindles) have A firing rate that Indicates muscle length

29. The Stretch Reflex Circuit

30. The Motor Neuronal Pool

31. The Motor-Neuronal Pool

32. A pool of motor neurons In the spinal cord Serves each muscle These pools form a Topographic map (sort of)

39. The Law of Combination

41. -Elwood Henneman