1. Axial Skeleton Martini Chapter 7
Lab Activity 8
Axial Skeleton
Martini Chapter 7
Portland Community College
BI 231

2. Axial Skeleton
Skull
Spine
Thoracic Cage
Hyoid bone

3. Cervical Spine
7 Vertebra
C1-C7
Concave Posterior

4. Thoracic Spine
12 Vertebra
T1-T12
Convex Posterior
Attach to the ribs

5. Lumbar Spine
5 Vertebra
L1-L5
Concave Posterior

6. Sacral Spine
5 Fused Vertebra
“Sacrum”

7. Coccyx
4 Fused Vertebra

8. Intervertebral Foraminae

9. Intervertebral Disk

10. Annulus Fibrosus
(Fibrocartilage)

11. Nucleus Pulposus

12. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Vertebral Foramen
BODY

13. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Bifid Spinous Process

14. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Transverse
Processes
Transverse Foramen

15. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Superior Articular Process
Superior Articular Facet

16. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Vertebral Arch

17. Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas
Superior Articular Facet

18. Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis
Odontoid Process (Dens)

19. Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together

20. Thoracic Vertebrae
Spinous Process

21. Thoracic Vertebrae
Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)

22. Lumbar Vertebrae
BODY

23. Sacrum
5 Fused Vertebrae

24. Sacrum
Sacral Promontory

25. Sacrum
Sacral Foramina

26. Sacroiliac Joints

27. Coccyx
4 Rudimentary Vertebrae

28. Hyoid Bone
Greater Horn
Lesser Horn
BODY

29. Sternum
Manubrium
Sternal Angle
Body
Xiphoid Process

30. Ribs 1-7: True Ribs

31. Ribs 8-10: False Ribs

32. Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs

33. Ribs

34. Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

35. Costovertebral Angle

36. Supraorbital ridge
Frontal Bone
Frontal Bone
Frontal Bone

37. Frontal Bone
Frontal Sinus

38. Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone

39. Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone

40. Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone

41. Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone

42. Temporal Bone External Acoustic Meatus Zygomatic Arch Mastoid Process
Mandibular fossa
Styloid Process

43. Temporal Bone
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen

44. Occipital Bone

45. Occipital Bone Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum External occipital
protuberance

46. Sphenoid Bone Lesser Wing Greater Wing Pterygoid Process
Lateral Pterygoid Plate
Medial Pterygoid Plate

47. Sphenoid Bone
Sphenoidal Sinus
Pterygoid Process

48. Sphenoid Bone
Lesser Wing
Greater Wing
Sella Turcica

49. Sphenoid Bone
Hypophyseal Fossa
Dorsum Sella

50. Ethmoid Bone
Crista Galli
Perpendicular
Plate

51. Ethmoid Bone
Middle Nasal Conchae
Perpendicular Plate

52. Ethmoid Bone
Cristae Galli
Cribriform
Plate
Perpendicular Plate

53. Cranium Floor Anterior Cranial Fossa Middle Cranial Fossa
Posterior Cranial Fossa

54. Sagittal Suture Between the Right and Left Parietal bones Occipital
Frontal
Bone

55. Coronal Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone
Temporal
Bone
Occipital
Bone

56. Squamous Suture Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone
Frontal
Bone
Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone
Temporal
Bone
Occipital
Bone

57. Lambdoid Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone
Frontal
Bone
Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone
Temporal
Bone
Occipital
Bone

58. Wormian (Sutural) Bones
Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures.
Present in varying amounts

59. Fetal Skull

60. Fetal Skull Superior View

61. Orbit

62. Maxilla
Hard Palate

63. Mandible Ramus Angle Body Coronoid Process Mandibular Condyle
Alveolar Process
Ramus
Angle
Mental Foramen
Body

64. Mandible
Mandibular
Foramen
Mylohyoid Line

65. Palatine Bone
Vomer

66. Zygomatic Bone
Temporal Process
Zygomatic Arch

67. Facial Bones

68. Facial Bones Middle Nasal Conchae (Ethmoid) Inferior Nasal Conchae
Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid)
Vomer

69. Sinuses
Ethmoid Air Cells
Frontal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

70. The End
The End