1. Orthopedic and Other Health Impairments

2. Categories

3. Orthopedic (physical) Impairments – IDEA uses the term orthopedic impairments – with structure or functioning of their bodies – Can be divided into two categories 1.Neuromotor 2.Muscular/skeletal

4. Orthopedic Impairments 1.Neuromotor impairments – Brain and spinal cord

5. Orthopedic Impairments 1.Neuromotor impairments – Brain and spinal cord 2.Muscular/Skeletal conditions – Muscles and bones

6. Other Health Impairments (OHI) Special health care needs Limit strength Chronic or acute Affect educational performance

7. Other Health Impairments Chronic Illnesses – Asthma – Sickle cell anemia – Tuberculosis – Childhood cancer – Cystic fibrosis – Congenital heart defects – Blood disorders – Diabetes Infectious Diseases – HIV and AIDS – Hepatitis B

8. Prevalence

10. Asthma – 1 in 10 (3 in every class)

11. Prevalence Asthma – 1 in 10 (3 in every class) Epilepsy – less than 1 in 100

12. Prevalence Asthma – 1 in 10 (3 in every class) Epilepsy – less than 1 in 100 CP – 1 in 300 (1 in every elementary school)

13. Etiology Multiple factors, many unknown – Allergies and infections – Heredity – Accidents and injuries

14. Prevention Good prenatal care Universal immunization Avoiding injuries ( ) Medical treatment or management Teachers can show common sense – Refer sick children to school nurse and parents – Keep play areas and objects disinfected – Having students wash their hands frequently – Using disposable gloves when cleaning up an accident – Keep classrooms free of toxins/pollutants

15. Modifications/Accommodations Usually individually based, from none to home bound or hospital based instruction

16. Modifications/Accommodations Usually individually based, from none to home bound or hospital based instruction Testing accommodations include – Timing/Scheduling - providing extra time – Setting - distraction free setting – Format - reading directions aloud / simplifying directions – Response – dictating answers

17. Inclusion More students with physical disabilities (46%) and those with special health care needs (44%) are receiving their education primarily in the general education class Teachers are being called on to perform medical management – Shortage of nurses – Courts expansion of duties – Local education budget cuts

18. Transition 60-70% graduate from high school Transition programs in school can be helpful – as they are likely to run into barriers and obstacles in the community

19. Assistive Technology IDEA and courts have clarified its role as a related service Include high- and low-tech devices IDEA does not cover doctors

20. Assistive Technology IDEA and courts have clarified its role as a related service Include high- and low-tech devices IDEA does not cover doctors Cutting edge technology includes: – Rehabilitation engineering including bionics and robotics – Gait training laboratories – Voice activated remote control systems

21. Universal Design Principles

22. Universal Design