1. CALLISTO Double - Heterodyne - Frequency Agile - Radio - Spectrometer EuroSETI Symposium Heppenheim March 26…28th 2004 Christian Monstein ETH Zürich Compound Astronomical Low frequency Low cost Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory

2. Directory Instrument comparison Usage sites Basic schematic diagram Focal plane unit FPU Double heterodyne receiver Receiver control unit RCU First solar radio noise Overall bandwidth Overall dynamic range Philips tuner noise figure Allen variance, measuring rate First results Field test at HB9XM`s QTH Team members Material costs & production time URL`s

3. Instrument comparison ParameterARGOSPHOENIX-2CALLISTO ReceivertypeFFTFrequency agileFrequency agile Frequency range1290-1570 MHz100-4000 MHz47-862 MHz Obs.-bandwidth250 MHz3900 MHz815 MHz Resolution (FD)  250 MHz {i}1, 3, 10 MHz65 KHz Resolution (TD)> 66 msec500 µs...1sec {i}2 msec Polarizationlinear (vertical)L, R, I, VL, R, I, V Sampletime/pixel2 nsec0.5 msec2 msec Channels1...50`0001...2`0001...13`120 [500] System temp.250/530 K {iii}950 KTBD RMS noise300/800 Jansky1000 JanskyTBD Dynamic range~ 50 dB> 40 dB> 50 dB {i} depending on number of channels {iii} without/including calibration unit

4. Usage sites 5m antenna Zürich 1 GHz-2.6 GHz (system tests only) 5m antenna Bleien 300 MHz - 3 GHz + 80 cm-SAT 10 GHz - 12 GHz 7m antenna Bleien 100 MHz - 4 GHz Planned: Green Bank Observatory West Virginia

5. Basic schematic diagram Synthesizer Tuner 2 I2C-bus Down converter 37,7MHz  10,7MHz Logarithmic Detector 2 Integration units (low pass filters) Data aquisition unit Drivers, Buffers I2C-interfacing Control path Signal path Control- data link Callisto/Host-controller Frequencyrange:45MHz...870MHz Frequency resolution:62,5KHz Bandwidth:~300KHz Standard PC Optional: calibration unit Low noise preamplifiers FPU focal plane unit Optional: FPU controller + Power- supply Callisto-frame FPU control out Control+ data PSUPower source Antenna feed (s) Synthesizer Tuner 1 I2C-bus Down converter 37,7MHz  10,7MHz Logarithmic Detector 1 Twin channel receiver for two polarizations

6. Focal plane unit FPU Noise Source -3dB -10dB A1 Relay-switch SPDT K1...K7 Preamp ENR=35dB 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 Rf out-L A1 A2 Isol Inp Left Right 90°-Hybrid Main features: + dual feed (circular L and R no linear) + very low noise + low cost + 3 point calibration - reduced bandwidth due to 1 hybrid Power supply: +15V, +28V, +5V, -15V Surveillance electronics Peltier cooler/heater Humidity/thermal sensors Preamp Rf out-R 2 1 1 2 To K1 K2 K3 K4 K5K6K7

7. Double heterodyne receiver

8. Receiver control unit RCU

9. First solar radio noise 5m parabola at Bleien observatory With linear vertically polarized feed HL-040 Rohde&Schwarz 400MHz…3GHz Sun is 500mV ~ 10dB ‘hotter’ than background level.

10. Overall bandwidth at 150.000MHz BW( -3dB) = 299KHz, BW(-10dB) = 378KHz

11. Overall dynamic range Detector = AD8307; dynamic range > 50dB

12. Philips tuner noise figure

13. How long am I allowed to integrate?

14. How fast am I allowed to measure?

15. Callisto as a backend Callisto as a backend to a commercial Ku-band LNB misused as an X-band downconverter Callisto as a backend to a commercial S-band LNB

16. First results #1 Short, intensive eventLong, intensive eventSun passage on 7m T0 applied+22dB ENR applied+32dB ENR applied

17. First results #2

18. First results #3

19. First results #4

20. Fieldtest at HB9XM`s QTH `Passage` through the sun in azimuth Note the counter balance (petrol can) on the left side of antenna/FPU

21. Team members Responsible budget & requirementsProf. Arnold Benz Mechanical design & manufacturing Frieder Aebersold Software RISC processor (C)Hansueli Meyer Software preprocessing (C++)Christian Monstein Software postprocessing (Pearl/IDL)Peter Messmer Manufacturing focal plane unit FPUPascal Behm Manufacturing receiver RXPascal Behm Manufacturing receiver control unit RCUPascal Behm Conceptual & hardware designChristian Monstein

22. Material costs & production time ComponentMaterial cost Manufacturing time Receiver modul (2 of them needed) 200 Euro (400 Euro) 10 hours (20 hours) Mainboard Modul RCU 250 Euro25 hours Rack 19’’ + Plugs, switches etc. 220 Euro20 hours Spectrometer total870 Euro~65 hours ~1,5 week Don’t forget an appropriate antenna, a focal plane unit, a power supply and some cables

23. Callisto related URL`s  http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/rapp/ http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/rapp/  http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/instrument/callisto/callisto_nf.html ETH Astronomical Institute Christian Monstein Scheuchzerstrasse 7 CH-8092 Zürich monstein@astro.phys.ethz.ch