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Blood Vessels basic vessel anatomy maintaining constant blood pressure
aneurisms variations in circulatory pathways examples of portal systems blood supply to the brain
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Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa endothelium BM smooth muscle
collagen some elastin L. vein L. artery Tunica externa loose CT vasa vasorum Medium sized vein Medium sized artery venule arteriole capillary
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To heart Valve open Vein Valve closed Contracted skeletal muscles Relaxed skeletal muscles
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Precapillary sphincters Sphincters open Sphincters closed
When are sphincters closed? Fingers? Muscles? Around gut? Sphincters open Sphincters closed
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Hepatic portal system Portal system (2 capillary beds) IVC Hepatic
sinusoids Gastric veins spleen pan Superior Mesenteric V Hepatic portal system
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Portal system Arteriovenous anastomosis Arterial anastomoses Venous anastomoses Dark blue = portal light blue = systemic
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Internal carotid Basilar Circle of Willis Vertebral Cerebrovascular Accident = CVA = stroke
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Aneurysm: weak point in an artery or heart wall common in abdominal aorta renal arteries & brain
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Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) = stroke
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How to maintain constant blood pressure
1. Conducting arteries expand & recoil With increasing and decreasing pressure 2. measure pressure, adjust HR and dilate or constrict BV’s High BP Lower HR
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Fig. 21.4(TE Art) Carotid body Baroreceptors Aortic body Baroreceptors
Carotid sinus Baroreceptors Common carotid artery Aortic body Aortic arch Baroreceptors
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Fig. 16.1(TE Art) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) Baroreceptors
sense increased blood pressure Vagus nerve (CN X) Heart rate decreases
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