1. Concepts from Lessons XXIII-XXV
Latinisms in Shakespeare, Metathesis, & Latin Words and Phrases in English
Concepts from Lessons XXIII-XXV

2. Shakespeare and his Word Use

3. Life of Shakespeare Lived 1564-1616
Attended the King’s New School, Stratford-upon-Avon
Tudor curriculum limited to Latin, Greek, math
Member of The King’s Men, which owned its own theater, the Globe Theater
Wrote 36 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 narrative poems
Drew on Latin sources: Julius Caesar, Titus Andronicus, Coriolanus, Antony & Cleopatra
Influenced by the works of Plautus (d. 184 BC), e.g., Comedy of Errors

4. Shakespeare’s Use of Latin
Classes at the King’s New School were conducted exclusively in Latin.
Given this background, Shakespeare naturally used Latinate words with deference to their original meanings.
Thou, sapient sir, sit here. —Lear to the Fool, King Lear (Act II, Scene 6)

5. Shakespeare’s Latinate Vocabulary
My powers are crescent.
That they have overborne their continents.
The fortitude of the place is best known to you.
Whose white investments figure innocence.
…and of the truth herein this present object made probation.
As knots…infect the sound pine and divert his grain tortive and errant from his course of growth.

6. Shakespeare’s Latinate Vocabulary
Abate the edge of traitors…that would reduce these bloody days again.
Cadent tears fret channels in her cheeks.
The presence of the king disanimates his enemies.
What to this was sequent Thou know’st already.
Tying her duty, beauty, wit and fortunes in an extravagant and wheeling stranger of here and every where.
Exercise I Lesson 24 (pp )

7. Metathesis (Lesson XXIV)
Definition. Transposition of two phonemes in a word (as in the development of crud from curd or the pronunciation \'pur-tE\ for pretty).
English examples: ask [aks], spaghetti [basketti], foliage [foilage], mischeivous [mischevious], breakfast [breakstif], Sly [Sylvester]
Distinct from Spoonerism: Let me sew you to your sheet, our queer old dean.

8. Metathesis in Word Histories

9. Latin Words and Phrases in English
Some words and phrases have entered Latin while retaining their original forms.
Some of these words are found in fixed phrases, e.g., ad hoc, per se, per diem, de facto, vice versa.
Some of these words are nouns which carry Latin singular and plural inflections.

10. Noun Sense
The proper plural form of many Latin nouns is a subject of controversy.
Do the following nouns even have a plural form?
data (Her data was interesting.)
media (The media gives only one side.)
Lesson 25, II (p. 138)

11. Noun Sense Sometimes the ‘proper’ form seems silly:
alumna-alumnus-alumnae-alumni
index-indices
focus-foci
stadium-stadia
genus-genera
Sometimes the word looks like an abbreviation but isn’t: sic, qua, pro, via

12. Latin Phrases
Sometimes the abbreviation of a phrase is more familiar that the phrase itself.
What do the following abbreviations mean?
e.g.
i.e.
cf.
A.D. AM NB
et al.
etc.
ca.

13. Latin Phrases What do the following phrases mean? in camera
habeas corpus
de facto
ad hominem
ex officio
ex post facto
per capita
per diem
per se

14. Latin Phrases What do the following phrases mean? persona non grata
sine qua non
quid pro quo
prima facie
a fortiori
status quo
reductio ad absurdum
ad hoc
pro tem

15. Latin Abbreviations in Medicine
Medical jargon contains many Latin (and other) abbreviations

16. New Bases No New Suffixes since Lesson XXI! Lesson XXIII: CORD
FLECT, FLEX
MAN(U)
PORT
STRU, STRUCT
TERMIN
VINC, VICT

17. New Bases Lesson XXIV: AUD CARN NUNCI (NOUNCE) PRESS PROPRI SAT(IS)
No new forms in Lesson XXV!