1. HYDROELECTRIC AND PUMPED STORAGE PRESENT WORLD CAPACITY = 630 GW POWER = DELTA P x FLOW RATE POWER (W) = H =METRES, Q = CUSECS

2. WORLD TOTAL = 630GW

3. More than 100m Pelton wheel or Impulse turbine Francis turbine vary output by Q Radial inflow Kaplan turbine, propeller, large Q, low H Can change blade angle Need to run at constant speed

5. TIDAL TURBINE

7. FRANCIS TURBINE

9. POWER CONTROLLED BY FLOW RATE, Vcup = Vjet/2

12. 18 SETS OF 700 MW =12.6 GW, H=120M, FLOW = 9000 TONNES/S

13. CRUACHAN PUMPER STORAGE SCHEME

14. CRUACHAN RESERVOIR AND LOCH AWE

15. DINORWIG PUMPED STORAGE IN WALES

16. TIDAL POWER GRAVITATIONAL AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCES CAUSED BY THE EARTH-MOON INTERACTION TOTAL UK POTENTIAL = 17% OF CURRENT ELECTRICTY GENERATION

17. 12.5 HRS 50 MINS LATER EACH DAY 29.5 DAY CYCLE 14 DAYS BETWEEN SPRING & NEAP SUN PULL IS 177 BIGGER THAN MOON MID OCEAN TR=0.5M NEAR COASTS TR AMPLIFIED UP TO 15M

18. MUTUAL ROTATION ABOUT COMMON CENTRE GIVES LARGE OUTWARD G FORCE ON SEA ON FAR SIDE & SMALL G FORCE ON NEAR SIDE. PULL OF MOON STRONG ON NEAR SIDE, WEAKER THAN AVERAGE ON FAR SIDE SUM APPROX SAME ON BOTH SIDES

21. 2 miles of permanent mud at Weston – super - Mare

22. R AREA = A MASS OF TRAPPED WATER = C OF G = R/2 ABOVE LOW WATER MARK MAX PE IF ALL WATER FALLS R/2 = Over tidal period ‘t’ average PE =

25. Reversible pumps/turbines better than sluice gates

26. Turbines 6000MW between high & low basins, 2500 MW high & sea Pumps 2500MW

28. WAVE ENERGY UP TO 2MW/m Average 80kW/m Twice as much available in UK territorial waters As current installed generating capacity Seasonal peak in the winter Storms a problem

29. ANNUAL AVERAGE WAVE POWER IN KW/M

33. SALTER DUCK WAVE POWER CONVERTER

34. SALTER DUCK WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER