1. CHAPTER 4 The Origins of the Chinese Empire, to 220 C.E. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

2. 1. China’s Geographic Diversity A. Geographic Diversity and Intercultural Connections Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

3. 2. Early Chinese Societies A. Predynastic China 1. Legendary past B. Xia and Shang Societies 1. Xia Dynasty 2. Bronze metallurgy 3. Shang rule 4. Shang society and religion C. Chinese Writing Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

4. 3. State and Society During the Zhou Dynasty A. The Mandate of Heaven and Dynastic Cycle 1. The triumph of the Zhou 2. Mandate of Heaven and political legitimacy 3. Rebellion and dynastic cycles B. Conflict, Chaos, and Commerce 1. Decentralized government under the Zhou 2. Commerce keeps China connected C. The Central Asian Connection 1. Central Asian nomads 2. Iron working Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

5. 4. The Classical Age of Chinese Philosophy A. Confucianism: Noble-Minded Conduct and Familial Respect 1. Confucius 2. Confucianism as an ethical philosophy 3. The virtues: ren, li, and xiao 4. Confucianism’s impact on society and government B. Daoism: The Way That Cannot Be Spoken 1. Harmony and passivity Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

6. 4. The Classical Age of Chinese Philosophy (cont’d) C. Yin and Yang: The Balance of Forces in Nature 1. Balance and harmony D. Legalism: Regulation, Coercion, and Control 1. Order and stability Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

7. 5. The Birth of the Empire under the Qin Dynasty A. The First Emperor 1. Centralization and standardization 2. Imperial monuments B. The End of the Qin Dynasty Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

8. 6. The Growth of the Empire under the Han Dynasty A. The Early Han: Confucian Bureaucracy and Military Expansion 1. Philosophy and bureaucracy 2. Conquest and expansion B. Rebellion, Reform, and Ruin C. The Later Han: Revival and Decline 1. The restoration of Han rule and stability 2. Economic upheaval, natural disasters, and civil war Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

9. 7. Society, Technology, and the Silk Road A. Han Society 1. Based on farming and herding 2. Family and ancestors 3. Gender roles 4. Peasant life 5. Urban life B. Technical and Commercial Creativity 1. Cities centers of creativity, commerce, and craftsmanship Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

10. 7. Society, Technology, and the Silk Road (cont’d) C. The Silk Road and the Sea Trade 1. Zhang Qian 2. Conquests and commerce 3. The Silk Road 4. Sea lanes Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.