1. Standardized (adjusted) rate = A rate which has been weighted to remove the influence of some extraneous variable, such as age.

2. Standardization Formula for direct standardization: t s = standardized rate t a = ASDR (proportion of persons dying at age a) P a = proportion of standard population that is age a

3. DIRECT STANDARDIZATION To calculate directly standardized fertility rate: 1.Multiply the fertility rate for each age group by the percent of the “ standard ” population in that age group 2.Add up the results of the multiplication for all age groups 3.Divide by 100