1. Fuzzy Logic E. Fuzzy Inference Engine

2. “antecedent” “consequent”

3. Assume that we need to evaluate student applicants based on their GPA and GRE scores. For simplicity, let us have three categories for each score [High (H), Medium (M), and Low(L)] Let us assume that the decision should be Excellent (E), Very Good (VG), Good (G), Fair (F) or Poor (P) An expert will associate the decisions to the GPA and GRE score. They are then Tabulated.

4. Fuzzy Linguistic Variables Fuzzy Logic AntecedentConsequent Fuzzy if-then Rules If the GRE is HIGH and the GPA is HIGH then the student will be EXCELLENT. If the GRE is LOW and the GPA is HIGH then the student will be FAIR. etc

5. Antecedents Consequents

6. Fuzzifier converts a crisp input into a vector of fuzzy membership values. The membership functions reflects the designer's knowledge provides smooth transition between fuzzy sets are simple to calculate Typical shapes of the membership function are Gaussian, trapezoidal and triangular.

7.  GRE = {  L,  M,  H }  GRE

8.  GPA  GPA = {  L,  M,  H }

9. cc

10. Transform the crisp antecedents into a vector of fuzzy membership values. Assume a student with GRE=900 and GPA=3.6. Examining the membership function gives  GRE = {  L = 0.8,  M = 0.2,  H = 0 }  GPA = {  L = 0,  M = 0.6,  H = 0.4 }

11. 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4

12. 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.60.20.0 0.4 0.20.0

13. 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.60.20.0 0.4 0.20.0 The student is GOOD if (the GRE is HIGH and the GPA is MEDIUM) OR (the GRE is MEDIUM and the GPA is MEDIUM) The consequent GOOD has a membership of max(0.6,0.2)=0.6

14. 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.60.20.0 0.4 0.20.0  E = 0.0  VG = 0.0  F = max( 0.0, 0.4) = 0.4  G = max( 0.6, 0.2) = 0.6  B = max( 0,0,0.2) = 0.2

15. 0.6 0.4 0.2 cc

16. Converts the output fuzzy numbers into a unique (crisp) number Center of Mass Method: Add all weighted curves and find the center of mass 0.6 0.4 0.2 cc

17. An Alternate Approach: Fuzzy set with the largest membership value is selected. Fuzzy decision: {B, F, G,VG, E} = {0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.0, 0.0} Final Decision (FD) = Fair Student If two decisions have same membership max, use the average of the two.

20. Consequent is or SN if a or b or c or d or f.

21. Consequent Membership = max(a,b,c,d,e,f) = 0.5 Use General Mean Aggregation:

22. -1800 -900 0 900 1800 0369121518212427 Time [sec] rpm trajectory response

23. 0 1 2 3 4 5 0369121518212427 Time [sec] Turn trajectory response

25. Instead of min(x,y) for fuzzy AND... Use  x y Instead of max(x,y) for fuzzy OR... Use  min(1, x + y)