1. A NEW SPECIES OF SHELL-FORMING SEA ANEMONE FROM AUSTRALIA Andrea L. Crowther Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

2. Overview Associations between hermit crabs and anemones occur in nature Hermit crab and Stylobates Described species of Stylobates New species found from Australia

3. Hermit crab and anemones Hermit crabs live in abandoned snail shells Anemones attach to shell Crabs change shells as grow, sometimes transfer anemones From shallow tropical areas to deep sea General dynamics of relationships http://www.divegallery.com/hermit_crab2.htm

4. Stylobates Deep sea (300-1000 m) Always host to hermit crab Obligate symbiosis for anemone Shell-forming! One anemone per crab

5. Benefits for the symbionts For the crab –Protection –Shell to live in –Long term accommodation For the anemone –Transport –Food availability

6. The shell Carcinoecium Chitinous secretion Anemone coats and extends hermit crab’s shell Mistaken for a snail’s shell http://s190418054.onlinehome.us/portal/20 03/0312mon.pdf

7. Co-evolution www.es.ucl.ac.uk/schools/Glossary/gastropod.jpgwww.glaucus.org.uk/Hermit4.htm www.aqualandpetsplus.com.Bug.%20Hermit%20Crabs.htm ?

8. Stylobates aeneus Original description of shell Anemone discarded! Location: Hawaii and Guam (Pacific Ocean) 402-797 m deep

9. Stylobates distribution Stylobates aeneus; Stylobates cancrisocia; Stylobates loisetteae; Stylobates n.sp.

10. Stylobates cancrisocia Location: East Africa (Indian Ocean) 818 m deep 3 specimens

11. Stylobates loisetteae Location: west coast of Australia 320-508 m deep Wide oral disc Oral disc position

12. A new species Location: north east Australia 680-960 m deep 10 specimens Size ranging from 5-9 cm length Study of morphology

13. Species comparisons S. aeneusS. cancrisociaS. loisetteaeNew species LocalityHawaii/GuamE. AfricaW. AustraliaE. Australia Marginal sphincter muscle Endodermal, circumscribed, pinnate Endodermal, circumscribed, palmate Orientation on shell Mouth behind and below aperture of shell Mouth near aperture of shell Mouth facing away from aperture of shell Mouth near aperture of shell

14. Review Stylobates anemones are found in the deep sea Form associations with hermit crabs Produce carcinoecium New species found from north east coast of Australia

15. Acknowledgments Supervisors: –Dr. Daphne Fautin (KU) –Dr. Carden Wallace (MTQ, Australia) Collectors: –Dr. Alistair Birtles (JCU, Australia) –The late Dr. Peter Arnold (MTQ, Australia) Sigma Xi Questions?