1. Chapter 17 The East Asian World

2. Contact with the West Increased contact with the west
China and Japan attempted to resist encroachment using different means and with differing levels of success

3. Ming Dynasty
By 1368, the Ming Dynasty booted out the last Mongol rulers in China and restored power over the empire to the native Chinese.
The Ming Dynasty ruled until 1644 and reestablished the following:
a strong centralized government based on traditional Confucian principals
reinstated the civil service examination,
removed the Mongol influence by reinvigorating Chinese culture.

4.   Ming Interactions
Emperor Yongle sponsors voyages in the early 1400’s
The voyages led by Zeng He, a Chinese navigator sailed throughout S.E Asia and the Indian Ocean, all the way to East Africa, a century before the Europeans did the same.

5.   Ming Interactions
The Chinese abruptly stopped their naval voyages due to the cost.
After Emperor Yongle’s death Chinese increasingly, turned inward.
By 16th century, Chinese trading with the Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch.

6. The Ming Dynasty and Silver
The Ming government attempted to prop up the failing economy by changing easily counterfeited paper money to a “single-whip” system based on silver currency.
Initially, the silver came from Japan, but with the discovery of American silver sources.
China establishes trade relations with the Spanish through the Philippines

7. Silver This exchange fueled a period of commercial expansion.
The silver flooded the Chinese market and the government was unable to control the resulting inflation.

8. Problems Persisted
Many factors contributed to the Ming Dynasty's decline:
By the sixteenth century the Ming dynasty was already in decline.
Pirates increasingly raided port cities.
The Chinese were able to keep the Europeans at a safe distance.

9. Problems Persisted However internal problems persisted. Weak rulers
Crop Failures
Inflation led to unrest

10. Qing (Manchu) Dynasty
By the seventeenth century, famines crippled the Chinese economy, and peasant revolts erupted against increasingly powerless Ming rulers.
In 1644, the Ming emperor invited a group of Qing warriors from nearby Manchuria to help him with peasant uprising.
The Qing ousted the emperor. With that act, the Ming Dynasty ended.
The Qing (Manchu) Dynasty began. The Manchus ruled China until about 1912.

11. Changes in China The Qing made many changes in China.
Forbid the Chinese to learn the Manchu language or marry Manchus (3% of population)
civil service gained new heights
Banned Christianity in 1724
Impose Manchu dress and customs on Chinese

12. Qing Rulers
Two long-ruling emperors, Kangxi ( ) and Qianlong ( ) allow for stability and acceptance.
Both of these emperors supported the arts but also expanded the empire
Kangxi ruled from was a Confucian scholar, and conquered Taiwan and Tibet
Qianlong ruled from and added Vietnam, Burma, Nepal as vassal states to China

13. Qing and Commerce
In 1757, restricted Europeans to trading in the port city of Canton.
Europeans bought large quantities of tea, silk, and porcelain
In exchange the merchants received huge sums of silver, which created a new rising class of merchants in the coastal cities
British pressure for more balanced trade (pottery & tea)
China remained agrarian, with trade and industry controlled by state
Maintained negative attitude toward industry, unequal taxes

14. Qing andSociety Continued focus on family
Arranged marriages, male dominated
Women not educated, in charge of the home
Practice of female infanticide

15. Japan and the Shogunate
Warring states period in late 1400’s, after decline of Ashikaga Shogunate
Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu helped unify Japan
Tokugawa, the daimyo of Edo, names himself Shogun in 1603.

16. Tokugawa Shogunate
In 1600, Tokugawa Ieysau established the Tokugawa Shogunate, a strict and rigid government that ruled Japan until 1868
Emperor is largely a figurehead.
Power was given to the daimyo (feudal lords)
Ieysau took ownership of all the land and instituted a rigid social class model.
More like a caste system
Four classes (warrior, farmer, artisan, and merchant) were established and movement in classes was forbidden.

17. Japan and Christianity
In 1542, the Portuguese established trade with the empire (they also introduced guns to the Japanese).
Within a decade, Christian missionaries streamed in.
By the end of the century, a few hundred thousands Japanese converted to Christianity
Missionaries destroyed Shinto shrines.

18. Japan and Christianity
The Jesuits took control of the port city Nagasaki and trade flourished.
Christians were persecuted
Hideyoshi expels missionaries in 1587, but allows merchants to stay.
Tokugawa finalized expulsion in 1602.
Merchants evicted as well, except Dutch, who were given limited rights

19. Edo Period Shogun moved capital to Edo (modern day Tokyo)
In 1635, National Seclusion Policy prohibited Japanese from…
traveling abroad
prohibited foreigners from visiting Japan (kept relations with China, Korea, Netherlands)
lasted for 200 years
This was passed to curb foreign influence

20. Daimyo
Daimyo were forced to maintain two residences to allow for control
Strain on finances led many to take back fiefs from samurai and make them into salaried workers
Samurai role as warriors declines
Revolts by ronin (masterless samurai) or peasants
Large population increase

21. Japanese Economy
New technology and exposure led to industrial & commercial revolutions
Development of paper money

22. Japanese Culture Buddhism and Shinto remained at the center of culture
Kabuki theater and haiku poetry
became popular