1. U.S Union Membership as % of the Workforce

2. Union Membership (in millions)

3. Comparative Union Membership

4. Union Membership by Sector

5. The Taft-Hartley Act (1948) 1. Allows the president to order a 60 day cooling off period before a strike. 2. Allows right to work laws 3. Bans the Closed Shop (Only union members hired) 4. Bans secondary strikes and sympathy boycotts.. 5. Allows for court injunctions against mass picketing 6. Holds national unions liable for the actions of their members (such as wildcat strikes breaking a contract) 7. McCarthyism-hits union radicals hard (many of whom are, in fact, communists.) Particularly aimed at radicals in the CIO.

6. The Wagner Act (1935) 1. Explicitly guaranteed the right to join a union 2. Required employers to bargain with recognized unions 3. Allowed a majority vote of employees to empower a union to negotiate for all employees 4. Created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce these rules and to supervise elections.

7. Mystery Quote

9. American Exceptionalism 1. Working Class Divisions: Immigration, Race 2. “Liberal” Culture 3. Early Extension of Voting Rights 4.No Feudalism 5. Voss/Fantasia—Employer/State Resistance **Radicals crushed: Knights of Labor /IWW