1. Struggle for the Hearts and Minds on Both Sides of the Iron Curtain PSC783 Cold War Propaganda: Part I ©2008 Olga Zatepilina, Syracuse University

2. Pre-Cold War Establishment 1919 WWI, President Wilson; Commission on Public Information (CPI) a.k.a. the Creel Commission 1938 WWII, President Roosevelt; Office of War Information; USIS; cultural exchange 1942 Voice of America First broadcast: http://www.voanews.com/english/about/beginning-of-an-american-voice.cfm First broadcast in Russian: http://www.voanews.com/english/About/2007-Post-WWII-history.cfm 1946 Fulbright Act, student/ Scholar Exchange 2PSC783 Cold War Propaganda

3. The enemy is always listening… PSC783 Cold War Propaganda3

4. Cold War Establishment 1948 President Truman; Marshall Plan; Smith-Mundt Act; U.S. Advisory Commission on Information; USIA decision; U.S.-U.K. Fulbright Commission 1949-1954 Fulbright & International Visitors Program & Die Neue Zeitung in Germany; 1950 Radio Free Europe 1953 USIA (+VOA); DOS (+ Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, a.k.a. CU); Radio Liberty http://www.rferl.org/info/books/201.html http://www.rferl.org/info/books/201.html PSC783 Cold War Propaganda4

5. Shades of Red PSC783 Cold War Propaganda5

6. Cold War Establishment, cont’d 1961 Fulbright-Hays Act (a.k.a. Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act) 1973 Board of International Broadcasting (BIB) 1976 RFE+RL 1977 or 1979 President Carter; USIA+CU=USICA 1980s Radio/TV Marti, Worldnet TV Listen to Willis Conover: http://www.voanews.com/english/about/2007-willis-conover.cfm PSC783 Cold War Propaganda6

7. Campaign of Truth “This is a struggle, above all else, for the minds of men. Propaganda is one of the most powerful weapons the Communists have in this struggle. … This propaganda can be overcome by truth— plain, simple, unvarnished— presented by newspapers, radio, newsreels, and other sources that people trust…” President Truman, 1950 in Tuch, 1990, p. 15 PSC783 Cold War Propaganda7

8. Post-Cold War Establishment 1988 Sec. Gen.Gorbachev ends jamming 1994 President Clinton; International Broadcasting Act; International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) at USIA 1996 Radio Free Asia Listen: http://www.rferl.org/Howtolisten.aspx 1998 USIA+State merger PSC783 Cold War Propaganda8

9. U.S. vs. Soviet PSC783 Cold War Propaganda9

10. Behind the Iron Curtain Department of Campaigns and Propaganda (a.k.a. Agitprop) 1920s-1930s Agitprop Theater in Europe & Trains in USSR 1922 Radio Moscow in English, French, Italian, German 1939 Radio Moscow in Arabic 1941-1961 Советское информационное бюро (a.k.a. Sovinformburo) 1944 Propaganda Bureau for foreign countries at Sovinformburo 10PSC783 Cold War Propaganda

11. Behind the Iron Curtain, cont’d “The point of censorship is that you wouldn't deviate one word from the official party line… But they spent about as much money on jamming foreign stations as on broadcasting from here…” Joe Adamov, Mailbag, Radio Moscow, http://pbs.org/redfiles http://pbs.org/redfiles PSC783 Cold War Propaganda11

12. Behind the Iron Curtain, cont’d 1950 Radio Moscow relays in Vladivostok 1961 Sovinformburo transformed into Novosti Press Agency (today RIA Novosti) 1961 Radio Moscow in Amharic, Swahili & Hausa 1970 Radio Moscow World Service, 70 languages 1989 Voice of Russia 1991 World Service of the Voice of Russia Listen: http://www.ruvr.ru/index.php?lng=rushttp://www.ruvr.ru/index.php?lng=rus 12PSC783 Cold War Propaganda

13. Soviet Peace Posters PSC783 Cold War Propaganda13

14. Us vs. Them PSC783 Cold War Propaganda14

15. Us vs. Them, cont’d PSC783 Cold War Propaganda15

16. Us vs. Them, cont’d PSC783 Cold War Propaganda16

17. Us vs. Them, cont’d PSC783 Cold War Propaganda17

18. Watch video: http://thinkinganimationbook.blogspot.com/2006/11/animated-soviet-propaganda.html http://thinkinganimationbook.blogspot.com/2006/11/animated-soviet-propaganda.html PSC783 Cold War Propaganda18 Us vs. Them, cont’d