1. Chapter 12: The Symphony Sonata Form

2. Key Terms Sonata form Slow introduction (optional) Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda (optional)

3. Key Terms Exposition First theme Bridge (transition) Second Group Second theme Cadence (closing) theme

4. Key Terms Development Fragmentation Retransition

5. Sonata Form Most important new form of Classical era Evolved from binary form Dramatic new way of handling contrasts between keys (tonalities) and themes Three large sections: Exposition Development Recapitulation

6. Exposition (A) Establishes conflict between two primary keys Presents (exposes) main themes of movement Main themes articulate tonal structure We’ll use Mozart’s Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st movement, as an example

7. Exposition (A) (1) First theme Stable theme in tonic key Bridge Unstable, modulates to new key

8. Exposition (A) (2) Second Group Second Theme Stable theme in new key Cadence Theme Closing theme with repeated cadences

9. Exposition (A) (3)

10. Development (B) (1) Unstable section heightens tension Modulates to many different keys Develops themes Takes themes from Exposition, breaks them up, & extends, recombines, & reorchestrates them

11. Development (B) (2) Retransition Final passage that prepares for return of first key

12. Development (B) (3)

13. Recapitulation (A’) Resolves tension created in Exposition and heightened in Development Returns to original key Presents Exposition themes in same order, but with Second Group in original key, thus Recapitulation is more stable than Exposition

14. Recapitulation (A’)

15. Optional Sections Slow Introduction Slow tempo section added before the Exposition Often in minor key and very unstable Builds tension that is resolved by First Theme of Exposition (No slow introduction in Mozart’s Symphony No. 40)

16. Optional Sections Coda Concluding section that follows Recapitulation May be short or long Usually very stable, with repeated cadences and big ending

17. Sonata Form Example: Mozart Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, I

18. Sonata Form Example: Haydn Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, I