1. P2P Network is good or bad? Sang-Hyun Park

2. P2P Network is good or bad? - Definition of P2P - History of P2P - Economic Impact - Benefits of P2P - Legal and Copyright issues - Public Perception - Attacks on peer-to-peer networks - Risk - Ethics of file sharing

3. Definition of P2P File sharing usually follows the peer-to-peer (P2P) model, where the files are stored on and served by personal computers of the users.

4. History of P2P 1st Generation Clients  Napster was the original P2P application.  Napster hosted a central server.  Find a particular file. ("searched Napster“)

5. History of P2P 2nd Generation Clients  Gnutella was the second major P2P network.  Gnutella worked by connecting users to other users directly  Searching for a file.  Advantage : It couldn't easily be shut down.  Disadvantages: slow searches and islands of sub-networks.

6. History of P2P 3rd Generation Clients  Improve networks and improve file transfer speeds.  Fasttrack (Kazaa, or Grokster or Morpheus ).  Find a particular file. ("searched Napster“)  Supernodes and Spawning.

7. Economic Impact Negative impact on record sales  Dropped from $38 billion in 1999 to $32 billion in 2003.  Trend with the advent of Napster in June of 1999.

8. Economic Impact No negative effect on CD sales  Statistically indistinguishable from zero.  T racking downloading on OpenNap servers.  Illegal downloads: Small force in the decrease in album sales.  Slightly improving album sales of the top albums in stores.

9. Benefits of P2P  Efficient use of resources. - Unused bandwidth and storage. - Unused bandwidth and storage.  Scalability. - Consumers of resources also donate resources. - Consumers of resources also donate resources. - Aggregate resources grow naturally with utilization. - Aggregate resources grow naturally with utilization.

10. Benefits of P2P  Reliability. - Replicas. - Replicas. - Geographic distribution. - Geographic distribution. - No single point of failure. - No single point of failure.  Ease of administration. - Nodes self organize. - Nodes self organize. - No need to deploy servers to satisfy demand (c.f. scalability). - No need to deploy servers to satisfy demand (c.f. scalability). - Built-in fault tolerance, replication, and load balancing. - Built-in fault tolerance, replication, and load balancing.

11. Legal and copyright issues  File sharing is a legal technology with legal uses, but… - Download and upload copyrighted materials without permission. - Download and upload copyrighted materials without permission. - Copyright infringement without authorization for improper purposes. - Copyright infringement without authorization for improper purposes. - Countries to cause significant difficulties in the protection of copyright. - Countries to cause significant difficulties in the protection of copyright.

12. Public Perception  According to a poll in Sweden - 75% young voters in Sweden support file sharing. - 75% young voters in Sweden support file sharing. ( I think it is OK to download files from the Net, even if it is illegal. ) ( I think it is OK to download files from the Net, even if it is illegal. ) - 38% said "adamantly agreed“. - 38% said "adamantly agreed“. - 39% said "partly agreed". - 39% said "partly agreed".

13. Attacks on peer-to-peer networks  Viruses to carried data.  Malware in the peer-to-peer network software itself.  Denial of service attacks.  Spamming.

14. Risk  Malware. - spyware, viruses, or adware. - spyware, viruses, or adware.  Degraded performance on affected systems. (Malware) - Web browsers. - Web browsers. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-spyware. - Anti-spyware. - Software firewalls. - Software firewalls.

15. Risk  Distribute adult pornography to children.  Child pornography to anyone.  Degraded performance on affected systems. (Malware) - Web browsers. - Web browsers. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-spyware. - Anti-spyware. - Software firewalls. - Software firewalls.

16. Ethics of file sharing  Fair Use - Downloading content for which you have no license is illegal. - Downloading content for which you have no license is illegal. - In practice, very little “fair use” occurs on P2P networks – vast majority of traffic is piracy-related. - In practice, very little “fair use” occurs on P2P networks – vast majority of traffic is piracy-related.  Victimless Crime - Ease of committing the crime doesn’t make it OK. - Ease of committing the crime doesn’t make it OK. - Victims include : record companies and employees thereof (including artists) as well as network providers – bandwidth costs money. - Victims include : record companies and employees thereof (including artists) as well as network providers – bandwidth costs money.

17. Conclusion

18. Question?