1. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1 Chapter 7 Vitamins

2. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 2 Chapter 7 Lesson 7.1

3. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 3 Key Concept Vitamins are noncaloric essential nutrients that are necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention.

4. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 4 Vitamins Dietary reference intakes (DRI) Nature of vitamins  Discovery Early observations Early animal experiments Era of vitamin discovery  Definition  Classes of vitamins (Cont'd…)

5. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 5 Vitamins (…Cont’d)  Functions of vitamins Metabolic control agent: coenzyme partner Tissue structure Prevention of deficiency diseases  Vitamin metabolism Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins

6. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 6 Chapter 7 Lesson 7.2

7. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 7 Key Concepts Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake. Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue- building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.

8. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 8 Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A (Retinol) Functions  Vision  Tissue strength and immunity  Growth Requirements  Food forms and units of measure  Body storage Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

9. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 9 Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Functions  Absorption of calcium and phosphorus  Bone mineralization Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

10. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 10 Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Functions  Antioxidant function  Relation to selenium metabolism Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

11. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 11 Vitamin K Functions  Blood clotting  Bone development Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

12. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 12 Chapter 7 Lesson 7.3

13. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 13 Key Concepts Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake. Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue- building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.

14. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 14 Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Functions  Connective tissue  General body metabolism  Antioxidant function Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

15. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 15 Thiamin (Vitamin B 1 ) Functions  Gastrointestinal system  Nervous system  Cardiovascular system Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

16. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 16 Riboflavin (Vitamin B 2 ) Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

17. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 17 Niacin (Vitamin B 3 ) Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

18. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 18 Vitamin B 6 Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

19. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 19 Folate Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

20. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 20 Cobalamin (Vitamin B 12 ) Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

21. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 21 Pantothenic Acid Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

22. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 22 Biotin Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

23. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 23 Choline Functions Requirements Deficiency disease Toxicity symptoms Food sources Stability

24. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 24 Chapter 7 Lesson 7.4

25. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 25 Key Concept Vitamin supplementation needs are individual and specific.

26. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 26 Phytochemicals Function Recommended intake Food sources

27. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 27 Vitamin Supplementation Ongoing debate Biochemical individuality  Life cycle needs Pregnancy and lactation Infancy Children and adolescents Aging (Cont'd…)

28. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 28 Vitamin Supplementation (…Cont’d)  Lifestyle Oral contraceptive use Restricted diets Exercise programs Smoking Alcohol Caffeine  Disease (Cont'd…)

29. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 29 Vitamin Supplementation (…Cont’d) Megadoses  Toxic effects  “Artificially induced” deficiencies Supplementation principles