1. Introduction to Geometry Shaders Patrick Cozzi Analytical Graphics, Inc.

2. Overview Geometry Shaders in the Pipeline Primitive Types Applications Performance

3. Birds Eye View Create or destroy primitives on the GPU Requires DirectX 10 or GL_ARB_geometry_shader4 Geometry Shader

4. Geometry Shaders in the Pipeline Vertex Shader Fragment Shader Vertices in world coordinates Vertex Shader Fragment Shader Vertices in world coordinates Perspective Divide and Viewport Transformation clip coordinateswindow coordinates

5. Geometry Shaders in the Pipeline Geometry Shader Vertex Shader Fragment Shader Primitive Assembly PD and VT Geometry Shader Vertex Shader Fragment Shader Primitive Assembly Clipping PD and VT Geometry Shader Vertex Shader Fragment Shader PD and VT clip coordinates window coordinates

6. Primitive Types Geometry Shader Output primitives can be disconnected

7. Primitive Types Input Primitives GL_POINTS GL_LINES GL_TRIANGLES Adjacency Output Primitives GL_POINTS GL_LINE_STRIP GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP

8. Primitive Types Input primitive type doesn’t have to equal output primitive type blogs.agi.com/insight3d/index.php/2008/10/23/geometry-shader-for-debugging-normals/

9. Applications Implement glPolygonMode Triangles Points or Line Strips Emulate GL_ARB_point_sprite Points Triangle Strips

10. Applications Displacement Mapping Single pass generate a cube map Extrusions Shadow volumes Fins along silhouettes for fur rendering

11. Applications: Fur in Lost Planet Render surface, write buffers for Fur Color Angle Length GS turns each pixel into a translucent polyline Automatic LOD

12. Images from meshula.net/wordpress/?p=124 coloranglelength Applications: Fur in Lost Planet

13. Performance Duplicates per-vertex operations for vertices shared by primitives Geometry Shader Vertex Shader 5 vertices processed9 vertices processed

14. Performance Geometry Shader Geometry Shader Geometry Shader Geometry Shader Must guarantee order in == order out

15. Performance Order guarantee affects parallelism Geometry Shader Geometry Shader Geometry Shader Reorder Buffer Clipping

16. Performance Buffer size needs to support a number of threads running in parallel

17. Performance Maximum number of vertices a GS will output: GEOMETRY_VERTICES_OUT_ARB Determines the speed of GS execution Make this and vertex sizes as small as possible

18. Performance GeForce 8, 9, and GTX2xx Output size = vertex size * GEOMETRY_VERTICES_OUT_ARB Maximum output size: 1,024 scalars Performance is inversely proportional to output size Not a continuous function: 1-20 scalars: Peak Performance 27-40 scalars: 50% Performance On GeForce 8800 GTX

19. Performance Benefits Reduces vertex buffer memory usage Compute in GS, e.g. normals Create more geometry No need to duplicate (e.g. compared to equivalent VS implementation) Less memory == less bus traffic Reduces vertex attribute setup cost

20. Summary Modify incoming primitive or make a limited number of copies Not for Large scale amplification Instancing

21. Resources www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=96CD28D5-4C15-475E-A2DC-1D37F67FA6CD&displaylang=en Introduction to Direct3D 10 SIGGRAPH 2007 Course Notes

22. Resources www.opengl.org/registry/specs/ARB/geometry_shader4.txt GL_ARB_geometry_shader4

23. Resources www.realtimerendering.com Section 3.5

24. Resources developer.nvidia.com/object/gpu_programming_guide.html Section 4.6