1. The 741 opAmp DC and Small Signal Analysis Jeremy Andrus For Engineering 332 May 15, 2002 Prof. Ribeiro

2. Overview: Five Parts of the 741 Biasing Currents Input Stage Second Stage Output Stage Short Circuit Protection

3. Overview: 741 Schematic

4. Biasing Current Sources Generates the reference bias current through R5

5. Biasing Current Sources: DC Analysis The opAmp reference current is given by: For V cc =V ee =15V and V BE11 =V BE12 =0.7V, we have I REF =0.73mA

6. Input Stage The differential pair, Q1 and Q2 provide the main input Transistors Q5-Q7 provide an active load for the input

7. Input Stage: DC Analysis - 1 Assuming that Q10 and Q11 are matched, we can write the equation from the Widlar current source: Using trial and error, we can solve for I C10, and we get: I C10 =19  A

8. Input Stage: DC Analysis -2 From symmetry we see that I C1 =I C2 =I, and if the npn  is large, then I E3 =I E4 =I Analysis continues:

9. Input Stage: DC Analysis -3 Analysis of the active load:

10. Second (Intermediate) Stage Transistor Q16 acts as an emitter-follower giving this stage a high input resistance Capacitor Cc provides frequency compensation using the Miller compensation technique

11. Second Stage: DC Analysis Neglecting the base current of Q23, I C17 is equal to the current supplied by Q13b I C13b =0.75I REF where  P >> 1 Thus: I C13b =550uA=I C17 Then we can also write:

12. Output Stage Provides the opAmp with a low output resistance Class AB output stage provides fairly high current load capabilities without hindering power dissipation in the IC

13. Output Stage: DC Analysis Q13a delivers a current of 0.25I REF, so we can say: I C23 =I E23 =0.25I REF =180  A Assuming V BE18 = 0.6V, then I R10 =15  A, I E18 =180-15=165  A and I C18 =I E18 =165  A I C19 =I E19 =I B18 +I R10 =15.8  A

14. Short Circuit Protection These transistors are normally off They only conduct in the event that a large current is drawn from the output terminal (i.e. a short circuit)

15. DC Analysis Summary

16. 741 opAmp Simulation: Schematic

17. 741 opAmp Simulation: Input

18. 741 opAmp Simulation: Output

19. Conclusions The 741 is a versatile opAmp that can be used in a multitude of different ways When you break it down into the different components, it’s operation is actually understandable and comprehendible