1. Organizational Change and Learning
Chapter 12
Organizational
Change and
Learning
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2. Learning Objectives Describe four types of organizational change.
Explain the planning process for organizational change.
Identify four methods of organizational change.
Describe how innovation relates to organizational change.
Discuss how learning organizations foster change.
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3. Organizational Change
Organizational change refers to any transformation in the design or functioning of an organization.
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4. Degree of Change
Radical change occurs when organizations make major innovations in the ways they do business.
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5. Three Stages of Radical Change (adapted from Figure 12.1)
Unfreezing
Transitioning
Refreezing
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6. Degree of Change (cont)
Incremental change is an ongoing process of evolution over time, during which many small adjustments occur routinely.
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7. Timing of Change
Reactive change occurs when an organization is forced to change in response to some event in the external or internal environment.
Anticipatory change occurs when managers make organizational modifications based on forecasts of upcoming events or early in the cycle of a new trend.
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8. Types of Organizational Change (adapted from Figure 12.2)
Small
Adjustments
Incremental
Reactive
Change
Incremental
Anticipatory
Change
Degree of Change
Radical
Anticipatory
Change
Radical
Reactive
Change
Major
Transformation
Timing of Change
Before Major Shifts in
the Environment
After Major Shifts in
the Environment
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9. The Process of Organizational Change (adapted from Figure 12.3)
2. Determine the
Performance
Gap
1. Assess the
Environment
3. Diagnose
Organizational
Problems
7. Monitor the
Changes
6. Anticipate
Resistance and
Take Action to
Reduce
4. Articulate and
Communicate a
Vision for the
Future
5. Develop and
Implement an
Action Plan
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10. Methods for Creating Change (adapted from Figure 12.4)
Technological Change
Organizational Redesign
Job Redesign
Organizational
Development
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11. How to Set Up a Focus Group Discussion (adapted from Figure 12.5)
The facilitator explains the topic to be discussed,
the role of the scribe, and how the organization
will use the results of the focus group discussion.
The participants come prepared to discuss a specific topic.
If confidentiality is a concern, participants are chosen from
different units of the organization, not the same work group.
The scribe takes notes about what is said, but not who says it.
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12. Organizational Change and Innovation
Innovation is the process of creating and implementing a new idea.
Types of innovation
Technical innovation refers to the creation of new goods and services.
Process innovation involves creating a new way of producing, selling, and/or distributing an existing good or service.
Administrative innovation occurs when creation of a new organization design better supports the creation, production, and delivery of goods and services.
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13. Learning Organizations
A learning organization has both the drive and the capabilities to modify or transform itself and improve its performance continuously.
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14. Characteristics of a Learning Organization (adapted from Figure 12.6)
Shared Leadership
Culture of Innovation
Customer-Focused
Strategy
The
Learning
Organization
Organic
Organization
Design
Intensive
Use of
Information
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