1. Speciation Stories for Field Botany, PBIO 109 Larkspurs (Guerrant) dramatic differences; simple genetic changes Columbines (Koontz) direction and rate of change with selection Leavenworthia (Rollins) ecological isolation and differential selection Sky Pilots (Galen) ecological isolation and differential selection Beachpeas (Schmitz) geographic isolation and ice-age refugia

2. Delphinium decorum Delphinium nudicaule

3. D. cardinale also from western North America Only remotely related - see Koontz et al. 2004

4. frmo Koontz, 2004

6. Distribution of Delphinium decorum, D. nudicaule, and their hybrid D. luteum. from Koontz et al., 2001

7. Columbine pollinator changes

8. Pollinator shifts drive increasingly long nectar spurs in columbine flowers. Whittall and Hodges, 2007 ---- Nature 447: 706-710.

9. Leavenworthia

14. Leavenworthia crassa Leavenworthia exigua

15. Polemonium viscosum - the sky pilot

16. Odor Corolla Flair narrow wide skunky COMMON RARE (sepals) UP HIGH Odor sweet RARE COMMON (petals) DOWN LOW SKY PILOT VARIANTS And ELEVATION

17. Lathyrus japonicus

20. References Galen et al. 1987. Pollination in floral scent morphs of Polemonium viscosum. Evolution. Guerrant, 1982. Neotrenic evolution in larkspurs. Evolution. Schmitz, 2002. The evolutionary and biogeographic history of Lathyrus japonicus (beach pea) in North America, PhD thesis UVM. Solbrig and Rollins. 1977. The evolution of autogamy in species of Leavenworthia. Evolution. Whittall and Hodges. 2007. Pollinator shifts drive increasingly longer spurs in columbines. Nature.