1. The Right to the City Vidyadhar K. Phatak Presented at The 21 st Century Indian City: Developing an Agenda for Urbanization in India March 23, 2011 1

2. Fundamental Rights Indian Constitution bestowed fundamental rights to citizens. – to move freely throughout the territory of India – to reside and settle in any of the territory of India – to practise any profession or to carry on any profession trade or business 2

3. Economic Outcome 33060 % of Area% of Population % of Income 3

4. Living Outcome 4

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8. Rights of CITYzens Right to Safe drinking water Sanitation Safe pedestrian movement Education – schools – playgrounds Primary health care Safe environment Minimum shelter 8

9. How to ensure Rights? Control urbanization, India lives in villages Control city size distribution – disperse manufacturing, promote small and medium cities Town planning regulations, building codes, enforcement 9

10. How to ensure Rights Impose rent control Acquire land by paying ‘amount’ instead of ‘compensation’ Impose urban land ceiling Public housing 10

11. How to ensure Rights? Create financial intermediaries – HUDCO / NHB / IDFC / IIFCL – TNUDF / MUINFRA Induce ULBs to access capital market through Municipal Bonds or Pooled Finance (USAID) Access World Bank / IDA / DIFID funds Induce reforms through funding infrastructure 11

12. Who should deliver? 74 th Constitutional Amendment in 1992 – State Finance Commissions – Metropolitan Planning Committees – Municipalities – Ward Committees – Area sabhas 12

13. Who actually delivers? Fund led reforms driven by national government State governments act Local governments follow 13

14. Rights to the City? 14

15. Thank you 15