1. SPINAL CORD AND NERVES

2. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex
- White matter: Sensory and motor tracts
Nerves
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves

3. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex
- White matter: Sensory and motor tracts
Nerves
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves

4. Spinal cord Continuation of medulla oblongata From C1 to L1-l2
Surrounded by meninges dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater)
Cerebrospinal fluid surrounding it
Epidural space: between vertebra and dura mater (fatty tissue + blood vessels)
Lumbar puncture between L2-L3 or L3-L4

5. Spinal cord

8. Spinal cord
Internal gray matter: presence of neurons relaying and integrating motor/sensory impulses
Fiber tracts: sensory and motor

10. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex
- White matter: Sensory and motor tracts
Nerves
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves

11. Arc reflex
Arc reflex (fast and involuntary)

12. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex
- White matter: Sensory and motor tracts
Nerves
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves

13. Sensory tracts

14. Motor tracts

15. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex
- White matter: Sensory and motor tracts
Nerves
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves

16. Cranial nerves

18. Cranial nerves I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Auditory
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglassal

19. Olfactory nerve

20. Optic nerve

21. Oculomotor nerve

22. trochlear

23. Trigeminal nerve
Motor and sensory

24. shingles

25. Abducens nerve

26. Facial nerve
Motor and sensory

27. Bell’s palsy

28. Vestibulocochlear nerve

30. Vagus nerve
Sensory
Motor
75% autonomic

31. Accessory nerve

32. Accessory nerve

33. Hypoglossal nerve

35. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray natter: arc reflex
- White matter: Sensory and motor tracts
Nerves
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves

36. Spinal nerves Originate at the root between each vertebra 31 pairs
Formed by the fusion of the sensory and motor roots
Organized into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves

37. Spinal nerves

39. Spinal nerve structure

40. Dermatomes

42. Spastic paralysis
The upper motor neuron, located in the motor cortex has been destroyed (by a stroke, for example) the lower motor neuron can still be stimulated by reflex arc and trigger movements (which are involuntary and spastic)

43. Flaccid paralysis
The lower motor neuron located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord is damaged  no impulse can reach the muscle fibers  no contraction