1. ROAD MONITORING TO PREVENT WEATHER PROBLEMS Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Jara Civil Engineer Head of Traffic Control Centre of Valladolid

2. SUMMARY IntroductionIntroduction System MonitoringSystem Monitoring SensorsSensors Gaps in the data?Gaps in the data? Correlation between Weather VariablesCorrelation between Weather Variables The monitor SystemThe monitor System

3. INTRODUCTION The prediction of road weather conditions requires the production of accurate forecasts of temperature, humidity and precipitation at the road surface.The prediction of road weather conditions requires the production of accurate forecasts of temperature, humidity and precipitation at the road surface. It is a big challenge to obtain sufficient forecast accuracy of the road weather in order to produce correct warnings on slippery road conditions.It is a big challenge to obtain sufficient forecast accuracy of the road weather in order to produce correct warnings on slippery road conditions. The Valladolid TCC is located in way between Portugal, Basque Country and France. Owing to the location, orography and height have a special characteristics that makes the area prone to low temperatures.The Valladolid TCC is located in way between Portugal, Basque Country and France. Owing to the location, orography and height have a special characteristics that makes the area prone to low temperatures. The last winter, the area of Valladolid suffered snow problems in a set of roads.The last winter, the area of Valladolid suffered snow problems in a set of roads. It Covers four national corridors and two main international corridors:It Covers four national corridors and two main international corridors: Portuguese CorridorPortuguese Corridor Magrebian CorridorMagrebian Corridor

4. INTRODUCTION International National Corridors

5. SYSTEM MONITORING The objectives of this system are to monitor the Roads covered by the TCC of Valladolid and create a software tool to evaluate the progress of the variables from the weather station sensors.The objectives of this system are to monitor the Roads covered by the TCC of Valladolid and create a software tool to evaluate the progress of the variables from the weather station sensors. The roads covered in this system contain sensors which measure temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, pavement temperature, surface condition, and chemical concentration.The roads covered in this system contain sensors which measure temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, pavement temperature, surface condition, and chemical concentration.

6. Sensors All the weather stations send the values of each sensor to the TCC each 15 minutes.All the weather stations send the values of each sensor to the TCC each 15 minutes.

7. Gaps in the data? In case that any of the SEVAC measure equipments gets broken or has a temporal communication problem, it is necessary to take into account that there exist some weather variables that allow substituting some fundamental variables, in such a way that the systems for generating alerts and notices and the aid decision system of the Traffic Management Centre are guaranteed.In case that any of the SEVAC measure equipments gets broken or has a temporal communication problem, it is necessary to take into account that there exist some weather variables that allow substituting some fundamental variables, in such a way that the systems for generating alerts and notices and the aid decision system of the Traffic Management Centre are guaranteed. Such secondary weather variables are the following ones: Visibility and Air Temperature, which can substitute the fundamental variables: Rain Intensity (mm/h) and Surface Temperature, respectively.Such secondary weather variables are the following ones: Visibility and Air Temperature, which can substitute the fundamental variables: Rain Intensity (mm/h) and Surface Temperature, respectively.

8. 0 13 2 2000 1500 1000 500 4 5 6 78 Rain Intensity (mm/h) Visibility (m) Correlation between Weather Variables The weather variable that allows appreciating the “Snow Classification” is Rain Intensity. In case that there are no rain gauge data, the variable to be used for classifying is Visibility.The weather variable that allows appreciating the “Snow Classification” is Rain Intensity. In case that there are no rain gauge data, the variable to be used for classifying is Visibility. Rain Intensity (mm/h)Visibility (m) 01,800 11,600 21,400 31,200 41,000 5800 6575 7375 8175 Road Safety Risk

9. Correlation between Weather Variables In case that the road detector is broken down and, thus, it is not possible to record data about the fundamental variable ST (Surface Temperature), the following correlation with the secondary variable AT (Air Temperature) has been obtained in the following way:In case that the road detector is broken down and, thus, it is not possible to record data about the fundamental variable ST (Surface Temperature), the following correlation with the secondary variable AT (Air Temperature) has been obtained in the following way: ST = AT + 1ºC ST = AT + 1ºC Surf. Temp. (ºC) Air Tem. (ºC) 1 ºC

10. Correlation between Weather Variables The weather variable that allows assessing the “Freezing Effect of the Sun” is the Global Radiation. In the graphic below, it is possible to observe how from a radiation superior to 50 W/m2, the ST surpasses theThe weather variable that allows assessing the “Freezing Effect of the Sun” is the Global Radiation. In the graphic below, it is possible to observe how from a radiation superior to 50 W/m2, the ST surpasses the 0 ºC, rising to 1 ºC with an increase of 33 W/m2 of solar radiation. 0 ºC, rising to 1 ºC with an increase of 33 W/m2 of solar radiation. Global Radiation (w/m 2 ) Surf. Temp. (ºC) Average ≃ 33 w/m 2 / ºC

11. The Monitor System The data can be accessed remotely using a Windows- based software program. The data are also stored in a central database for future use.The data can be accessed remotely using a Windows- based software program. The data are also stored in a central database for future use. The accuracy of the system was evaluated through comparison of atmospheric data with site observations of surface condition, pavement temperature, and air temperature.The accuracy of the system was evaluated through comparison of atmospheric data with site observations of surface condition, pavement temperature, and air temperature. The reliability was evaluated by reviewing the history log files to located gaps in the data and with the correlation between weather variables.The reliability was evaluated by reviewing the history log files to located gaps in the data and with the correlation between weather variables. Problems with individual sensors were also documented. The accuracy of the system was found to be good for the sensors that could be directly evaluated.Problems with individual sensors were also documented. The accuracy of the system was found to be good for the sensors that could be directly evaluated.

12. The Monitor System.... Each 10 minutes TCC Weather Variables Central Server All Weather stations PROCESS Road Operator

13. The Monitor System

14. Thanks for your attention