2. Simulations, Drama, Role-Playing, Games By Laurel Widman, Darsie Bonillo, Tiffany Lee, Kerry Hennessy

3. Simulation games Structured decision making activities in which students assume roles and solve problems.

4. Elements of a Simulation Game A problem scenario based on some model of the real world. Role-playing In-role decision making Rules that limit how roles are played Consequences from the decisions Some element of chance involved

5. 5 Stages of a Simulation Stage 1: Initiation and Direction Stage 2: Describing the Context Stage 3: Roles Stage 4: Enactment Stage 5: Debriefing Essential to any teaching plan is how to prepare the simulation and the techniques to run the simulation, how to chart the results, and how to reflect on what took place.

6. Simulation Lesson Plan Format Title of Simulation Topic Objective Materials Preparation Procedure For Discussion (where applicable) Background Follow-up (where applicable) Shara’s handwriting slide

7. Advantages Promotes community decision making Highly motivating Provides application of knowledge and skills Effective for creating positive attitudes Make past events come alive Removes most dangerous/irrelevant elements

8. Disadvantages Shortage of time Shortage of computers and supplies The majority of pre-written simulations are for grades 4 through 12 School atmosphere may not be conducive Many pre-written simulations are for a specific event in history

9. Role of Technology Can be an important part of simulations but simulations can also be effective without technology Technological simulations may not promote whole class collaboration

10. Questions to Research Assessment of simulations Effective ways to debrief

11. The End