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Basics of Yoga The universe has both material and spiritual components. The human being has both material and spiritual components.
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Components of the Universe: Components of the human being Purusha: Pure consciousness. Immortal, spiritual, always free. Infinite existence, knowledge, & happiness. The true self. Prakriti: The unconscious world. Mortal, material, determined. The material self of body and mind.
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The Goal of Yoga To eliminate suffering by helping us attain discriminative knowledge of the Purusha and the Prakriti. This realization brings contentment, peace, and happiness.
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Kirya Yoga: Yoga of Action Austerity, introspection, & ego surrender Preparing for trance by ridding oneself of afflictions Ignorance (mistaking the noneternal for the eternal) Egoism: identifying the seen with the power of seeing Attachment: intense seeking after pleasure Repulsion: intense aversion from pain Fear of death: intense clinging to life
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Ashtanga Yoga Yama (5 restraints) Niyama (5 disciplines) Asana (physical postures) Pranayama (regulation of breathing) Pratyahara (sense organ withdrawal) Dharana (concentration) Dhyana (contemplation) Samadhi (absorption)
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Yama Do not engage in violence Do not lie Do not steal Do not crave sexual pleasure Do not be possessive
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Niyama Purity: cleanse one’s body & mind of all pollutants Contentment: mental & spiritual balance Austerity Study of scriptures and lives of saints Devotion to the Higher Self
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Other External Steps: Preparatory Stage Asana (Physical Postures) Pranayama (regulation of breathing) Pratyahara: training the mind to withdraw consciousness from external objects, and to direct it instead to the inner contents of the mind
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Internal Steps: Meditative Stage (Samyama: one-pointedness) Dharana (concentration): fixing the mind on one idea, letting other images glide by, paying no attention to them Dhyana (contemplation): sustained focus on an idea, getting to know it in its entirety. The mind remains aware of itself as a subject meditating on an object. Samadhi (absorption): mystical union with the Purusha
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