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「三」言「兩」語談人文精神 董崇選國立中興大學教授「懂更懂學習英文網站」負責人 網址: dgdel.nchu.edu.tw
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I. 前言: 1=2=3 1. 「三」言「兩」語的方式+人文精神的內容 2. 「三」言: a. 西洋文學史三大時代 b. 西方文化史三大階段 c. 人類精神分析三大界域 「兩」語: 「兩」語: a. 有文 vs. 無文 b. 人文 vs. 非人文 c. 神文 vs. 獸文
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3. 人文精神 (humanism) 人文:人類之文化也 … 人文:人類之文化也 … 詩書禮樂之謂, 猶人事也。 ( 《辭海》 ) 猶人事也。 ( 《辭海》 ) 天文、地文、人文 human interests, human values human interests, human values grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, etc. grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, etc. “To make man a fully realized human creature, elevated and distinct from the lower animals.” “To make man a fully realized human creature, elevated and distinct from the lower animals.”
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II. 西洋文學史的三大時代 ———————————— 476 1453 476 1453 1. 古代 (Ancient Time) :人文主義 humanism uncivilized civilized uncivilized civilized Hellenistic vs. Hebraic Hellenistic vs. Hebraic Greeks & Romans vs. Jews Greeks & Romans vs. Jews Greek mythology, Roman mythology Greek mythology, Roman mythology Anthropomorphic gods and goddesses Anthropomorphic gods and goddesses Homer: Iliad, Odyssey Homer: Iliad, Odyssey Virgil: Aeneid Virgil: Aeneid
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The Trojan Horse The Trojan War Athena 建議 Epeius 造的 Menelaus (Sparta 王 ) Helen Paris ( Priam 之子 )
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Zeus (Jupiter) Polygamous or promiscuous stern but benign Cronus 之子 雨神、天神、雷神 Hera (Juno) Apollo (Leto 生 ) Helen (Leda 生 )
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Poseidon (Neptune) Tempestuous& Vindictive Tempestuous & Vindictive Cronus 之子 與 Zeus 、 Hades 兄弟 海神 與 Medusa 生 Pegasus 馬之神 與 Demeter 生 Arion
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The ship of Odysseus UlyssesIthaca Trojan War 之後漂流十年遇 Cannibals, Lotus-eaters, Sirens, Circe, Scylla, Polyphemus, etc. Penelope, Telemachus Weaving a shroud Alone, bow
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Eros (Cupid) love & desire winged & blind God of love 一說為 Chaos 之子 另一說為 Aphrodite (Venus) 與 Zeus 所生 與 Zeus 所生
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Athena (Minerva) wisdom & arts Athens 保護神 好戰 Zeus 頭上迸出 代表 Wisdom 必勝提議木馬屠城
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H D H ————————— H D H ————————— 2. 中古代 (Medieval Time) :神文主義 divinism Barbarians Barbarians Dark Ages, feudalism ( 封建制度 ) Dark Ages, feudalism ( 封建制度 ) One omnipotent God One omnipotent God Dante: Divine Comedy ascetic Dante: Divine Comedy ascetic 3. 現代 (Modern Time) :人文主義 humanism Renaissance, Revolution, Science, Democracy Renaissance, Revolution, Science, Democracy towards no gods towards no gods Modern nations & monarchs, middle classes Modern nations & monarchs, middle classes Shakespeare, Goethe, Hemingway, etc. Shakespeare, Goethe, Hemingway, etc.
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III. 西方文化史的三大階段 Richard Kearney: The Wake of Imagination ———————————— 1453 1965 1453 1965 1.Premodern : theocentric : craftsman Icon of Christ 工匠 Icon of Christ 工匠 2.Modern : anthropocentric : inventor Van Gogh: self-portrait 天才 Van Gogh: self-portrait 天才 3.Postmodern : ex-centric : bricoleur Poster by Martin Sharp 玩家 Poster by Martin Sharp 玩家 Mimetic (mirror) productive (lamp) parodic (labyrinth of looking glasses) 神文 人文 無文(獸文)
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Christ the Pantocrator AnonymousIconDivinityObjective無創意
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Van Gogh, self-portrait Poster by Martin Sharp subjective 獨創 pop art artoonconsumerismtechnology collage, quotation, parody, pastiche pseudo-art, non-art postman, not penman
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IV. 人類精神分析的三大界域 Freud, psychoanalysis Conscious vs. Unconscious 1.Super-ego: conscience: moral principle 2.Ego: reason: reality principle 3.Id: libido: pleasure principle Angels, human beings, animals Repress, instinct, guilt complex 神文、人文、獸文 ( 無文 )
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Iceberg Freud’s diagram perceptual-conscious
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V. 結語: Balance is best. 文者紋也,理也,華也,美也,善也有文斯有序,有序斯有禮 1. 有人有文的人文 ( 不光即物窮理,不要質而無文 ) 2. 非精非神的精神 ( 不希望當精,不苛求當神 ) The Chain of Being A harmony between reason & passion A golden mean ( 中庸 ) between extremes 我國無「人文精神」之語,卻有「人文精神」之道
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