1. Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 4

2. Ligaments, Tendons, & Facia  Ligament: Dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone. Image from: http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1268.html

3. Flexor Retinaculum 1 scaphoid 2 trapezium 3 pisiform 4 hamate Image from: http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson5flexretinac&palmapon.htm

4. Tendons  Tendons Attach muscles to bones Are surrounded by a sheath called a synovium Synovial fluid facilitates gliding  Fascia Dense connective tissue that covers organs or parts of organs and separates them from each other.

5. Collagen fibers  Collagen fibers form both ligaments and tendons.  In tendons, the fibers run parallel to one another  In ligaments, the fibers are not parallel

6. Muscles  3 types of muscles in the body Striated Cardiac Smooth  Muscles consist of Muscle cells 3 types of connective tissue… Nerve fibers

7. Muscle Connective Tissue Image from: http://www.biology.eku.edu/RITCHISO/301notes3.htm

8. Muscle Fibers  Long multinuclear cylindrical cells composed of parallel myofibrils  Myofibrils Composed of 2 sub units called myofilaments  Myosin  Actin

9. Image from: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Muscles.html

10. Muscle Contractile Unit  Sacromere The part of a cross-striated muscle fiber between the z-lines

11. Nervous Tissue Image from: vv.carleton.ca/~neil/neural/neuron-a.html

12. Nervous Tissue (cont)  Two branches Sensory Motor  Nerves connect to muscles via the neuromuscular junction  Nerve + muscle fiber = motor unit

13. Muscular Contraction Image from: www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/muscle_Contract.html

15. Muscle Contraction (cont)

16. Energy for Muscles  Adenosine triphosphate ATP  Anaerobic metabolism  Aerobic metabolism