2. Language Maintenance and Shift Pertemuan 3 Matakuliah: G0362/Sociolingustics Tahun: 2007

3. Bina Nusantara Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Menyebutkan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pergeseran bahasa

4. Bina Nusantara Outline Materi Language shifts Language death Language Loss Factors influencing language shifts Speed of shifts

5. Bina Nusantara Language Shift A language shift happens when a community uses less and less of its own vernacular and adopts a new language in many domains. When the process is completed, and there is no more -- anywhere in the world--native speakers of the minority language, then it is said that language death has taken place.

6. Bina Nusantara Language Loss A native speaker of a language will undergo language loss when he/she can use his/her language in more and more limited domains. His/her ability to speak the language gradually decreases.

7. Bina Nusantara Factors contributing to Lang. Shift Social, economic and political: –The new Language is more appealing because it can give them power (better jobs, entry into more prestigious social circles, access to business, etc.) No reasons to maintain own language –There is no domains to use it –Nobody understands or speaks it –No reading materials written in it –No radio/TV programs

8. Bina Nusantara Speed of Shift How fast would a shift happen? –Social and economic factors: Young people tend to shift the fastest Success comes with the new language –Demographic factors: People in rural areas shift less than those in big cities. Intermarriage promotes language shift Value of the language (sacred, for religious/traditional ceremonies) slower the shift Etc. (see notes on language maintenance later)