1. Chapter 6 Data Terminals and Personal Computers

2. Agenda Terminals Cluster control units Workstation ergonomics Terminal selection criteria Total cost of ownership of personal computer

3. Terminal Classification Definition –Input/output devices –Data terminal equipment (DTE) –Data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) Classification –Teletypewriters –Video display terminals (VDTs) –Personal computers –Industry-oriented transaction terminals –Intelligent terminals –Specialized terminals

4. Teletypewriter Terminals Types –Unbuffered –Buffered Characteristics –Slow speed –Mechanical dot matrix printing –Hard copy

5. Video Display Terminals (VDT) - I Types –Cathode ray tube terminal (CRT) –Flat panel displays Characteristics –Electronic –Reliable –Buffered –High speed –Unintelligent - intelligent

6. Video Display Terminals (VDT) - II Screen –All-point-addressable (APA) –Pixels or pels –Line-by-line mode –Page or formatted mode –Intensifying, blink, or reverse video Keyboard Alternative input mechanisms –Touch-sensitive –Joystick –Trackball –Mouse

7. Video Display Terminals (VDT) - III Selection criteria –Nonglare surface –Titled or swiveled mechanism –Color or monochrome –Image flickfree –Size –Resolution –Programmable –Graphics capability

8. Personal Computers Types –Microcomputer (portable, laptop, or notebook) –Workstation –Internet computers Characteristics –Upload and download (FTP) –Terminal emulation program & hardware (DEC VT-, IBM 3270) –Graphical user interface (GUI) –Multitasking Virus

9. Others Industry-oriented transaction terminals –ATM & point of sale Remote job entry Facsimile machines –Group I, II, III, III enhanced, super III, IV –Security problems (audio cassette recorder) Specialized terminals –Telephone –Optical recognition (bar code reader, optical character recognition (OCR)) –Other terminals for counting, weighing, measuring, and reporting results to the computer

10. Terminals Intelligence Intelligent terminals: program & storage capability Smart terminals: storage capability Dumb terminals: no or limited storage capability

11. Cluster Control Units Characteristics –Program capability –Buffers Functions –Control terminals –Code conversion –Error checking –Share printer –Access multiple computers –Multiple sessions using hot key

12. Workstation Ergonomics Nonglare screen Tilted back 10 to 20 degrees Top of screen is eye level 18 inches from eyes Adjustable chair Movable keyboard Proper lighting

13. Terminal Selection Criteria Special or general Hardcopy or video display Types of operators Compatibility with the existing equipment Degree of intelligent Cost Vendor support and service

14. Total Cost of Ownership Cost –$6,400 to over $13,000 lifetime –Hardware & software cost – 20% –User operational cost (learning & training) – 46% –Technical support cost – 21% –Administrative cost – 13% Control –Centralized management –Standardizing hardware and software

15. Points to Remember Terminals Cluster control units Workstation ergonomics Terminal selection criteria Total cost of ownership of personal computer

16. Discussion Design terminal requirement for a big manufacturing company Design terminal requirement for a big insurance company