1. T9.7 Multi-criteria evaluation of emission control strategies in semi-hypothetical case city archetypes Lian Scholes, Mike Revitt and Eva Eriksson

2. Decision-support tool Can incorporate non-financial information Performance matrix: possible solutions scored against range of criteria Can apply weightings to reflect stakeholder preferences What is multi-criteria analysis (MCA)?

3. Weightings Example matrix: DayWater MCC DayWater website: http://daywater.in2p3.fr/EN/

4. Weightings Example scored matrix DayWater website: http://daywater.in2p3.fr/EN/

5. Urban DayWater website: http://daywater.in2p3.fr/EN/

6. Decision-making context: semi-hypothetical case city of EI Options: ECS1 - 6 Criteria: –Technical feasibility: available (1), under development (2), does not exist (3) –Technical efficiency: >95% (1), 80-95% (2), <80% (3) –Costs: 1000M€ (3) –Environmental impact: results of the SFA Allocation of scores – pollutant and context specific Development of weights – this afternoon’s task! ScorePP MCA matrix for Cd

7. EI – emerging economy building technological and institutional capacity, elevated background levels of Cd ECS1 - Baseline WWTP services 90% of the population IWW is 468M m 3 ; 3% is BAT treated 0.005% (2.5 ha) covered by stormwater ponds All systems paid off so only O&M costs ESC2 - Legislation – 100% connection to WWTP – BAT applied to 12% IWW Matrix for Cd: assumptions made (1)

8. ECS 3 – ECS2 + Voluntary initiatives - successful campaign to reduce use of Cd in artists’ paints ECS 4 – ECS2 + BAT applied to 100% IWW ECS5 – ECS2 + surface area covered by range of stormwater BMP types increased to 0.05% (25 ha) ECS6 – ECS2 + Advanced WWT applied to 50% of WW Matrix for Cd: assumptions made (2)

9. Matrix for Cd in EI: ‘raw data’ ECS1 Baseline ECS2 Legislation ECS3 Voluntary Initiatives ECS4 BATECS5 Stormwater BMPs ECS6 Advanced WWT Technical feasibility Default scenario Legislation but exemptions Successful campaign Covered in BREF Data available Removed by nanofiltration Technical efficiency Elevated background levels, PHS Building technological capacity Emerging ‘green’ awareness Heavily industrial -ised Selected BMPs with high removal e.g. 90% removal by nanofiltration Financial aspects WWTP O&M BMP O&M IWWT O&M WWTP - plant, connection, O&M IWWT capital, O&M e.g. Publicity campaign to install battery recycling technology IWWT capital, O&M BMP capital, O&M e.g. nanofiltration capital, O&M Environmental impact Results of SFA Results of SFA Results of SFA Results of SFA Results of SFA

10. Matrix for Cd in EI ECS1 Baseline ECS2 Legislation ECS3 Voluntary Initiatives ECS4 BAT ECS5 Stormwater BMPs ECS6 Advanced WWT Technical feasibility 121111 Technical efficiency 333232 Financial aspects 122322 Environmental impact 322212 Total score 898877 Scores: range from 1 (best performance) to 3 (worst performance) Order of preference: Advanced WWT and Stormwater BMPs BAT and Voluntary Initiatives

11. Matrix for Cd in EI ECS1 Baseline ECS2 Legislation ECS3 Voluntary Initiatives ECS4 BAT ECS5 Stormwater BMPs ECS6 Advanced WWT Weightings (%) Technical feasibility 12111110 Technical efficiency 33323210 Financial aspects 12232260 Environmental impact 32221220 Total weighted score 160210200250180190100 Order of preference: Stormwater BMPs Advanced WWT Voluntary Initiatives BAT

12. Matrix for Cd in EI ECS1 Baseline ECS2 Legislation ECS3 Voluntary Initiatives ECS4 BAT ECS5 Stormwater BMPs ECS6 Advanced WWT Weightings (%) Technical feasibility 12111110 Technical efficiency 33323250 Financial aspects 12232220 Environmental impact 32221220 Total weighted score 240250240210220190100 Order of preference: Advanced WWT BAT Stormwater BMPs Voluntary Initiatives

13. PROS Structured, traceable and auditable analysis Copes with large amounts of data/information in differing forms and reporting units Can incorporate a variety of stakeholder interests An understandable communication tool CONS Dynamic problems simplified Is it too subjective? Static picture: lacks time dimension How are outcomes to be interpreted? Best or preferred option need not necessarily be that which provides the most e.g. cost-benefits MCA – pros and cons