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The Urinary System MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Dr ATEF MASAD 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD1
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Functions The urinary system consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a urinary bladder, and the urethra. The urethra has distinct functions depending on the sex (gender) of the individual. The female urethra has ONLY a urinary function. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD2
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The male urethra has both urinary and reproductive functions. In both sexes, the main function of the urinary system is the eliminate waste products from the body. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD3
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The Functions Maintain HOMEOSTASIS, or a constant internal environment. Maintain constant concentrations of salt, water, and acids. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD4
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Anatomy of the Urinary System Blood enters the kidneys through the RENAL ARTERIES and leaves the kidneys through the RENAL VEINS. Blood is filtered in the GLOMERULUS. The glomerulus is part of the functional unit of the kidney called the NEPHRON. The nephrons are contained within the RENAL CORTEX and RENAL MEDULLA. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD5
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Urine is collected in the CALICES (singular – CALYX). From the calices (located within the RENAL PELVIS) the urine enters the URETERS. The ureters connect the kidneys to the bladder. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD6
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Within the bladder, urine is stored until there is enough pressure to cause it to enter the urethra. The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside world. The male urethra has three parts: 1. penile urethra – within the penis 1. penile urethra – within the penis 2. membranous urethra – within the urogenital diaphragm 2. membranous urethra – within the urogenital diaphragm 3. prostatic urethra – within the prostate gland 3. prostatic urethra – within the prostate gland 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD7
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The female urethra is very short and is located superior to the vagina. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD8
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Urinary Combining Forms Combining Form MeaningExample Cyst / o bladder Cyst / o / scope Instrument to view the bladder Ureter / o ureter Ureter / o / lith A stone or calculus in the ureter Glomerul / o glomerulus Glomerul / o/ pathy Disease of the glomerulus Nephr / o kidney Nephr / itis Inflammation of the kidney Ren / o kidney Ren / al Pertaining to the kidney 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD9
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Pyel / o Renal pelvis Pyel / lith /o/ tomy An incision in the renal pelvis to remove a stone Urethr / o urethra Urethr /o/ dynia Pain in the urethra Ur / o urine Ur / emia Blood in the urine Urin / o urine Urin / ary Pertaining to the urine 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD10
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Some Suffixes -osis abnormal condition -pathy disease -pexy fixation -ptosis falling 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD11
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Abnormal condition -osis Enlargement - megaly Hardening - scler 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD12
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What does each word mean? Nephromegaly Enlargement of the kidney Enlargement of the kidneyNephrectomy Removal of the kidney Removal of the kidney 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD13
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The suffix –iasis is used to describe something abnormal. An abnormal condition of kidney stones is Nephr / o / lith / iasis Nephr / o / lith / iasis kidneystone Abnormal condition 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD14
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Combine nephr / o and -ptosis Nephroptosis Which means a dropping or prolapse of a kidney. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD15
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The Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra Urine is conveyed from each kidney through one of two ureters and stored in the bladder until it is removed from the body through the urethra. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD16
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The suffix -ectasis means dilation or enlargement. Therefore, an enlargement of the ureter is called ureter / ectasis. A stone in the ureter is a ureterolith ureterolith 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD17
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You would use a procedure called a ureter / o / lith /o / tomy ureter / o / lith /o / tomy to remove a ureterolith. A surgical procedure stone ureter 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD18
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Stones are formed in the urinary tract by the deposit of crystalline substances excreted in the urine. Stones can be surgically removed or crushed so the pieces are voided in the urine. The suffix -tripsy means crushing. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD19
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The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is removed. The combining forms cyst / o and vesic / o are used to refer to the bladder. vesic / o are used to refer to the bladder. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD20
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Ureterolith -> stone in the ureter. Ureterocystoscope -> an instrument to view the ureter and bladder. Ureterocystoscopy -> visual examination of the ureter and bladder. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD21
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The urethra differs in men and women. In men, it serves a dual function of conveying sperm and urine. In females, it only conveys urine. The combining form for urethra is urethr / o urethr / o 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD22
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Cancers Malignant tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors are non-cancerous. Malignant tumors spread rapidly. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD23
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The combining form adeno / o Is used to denote a gland. Therefore, adeno / o / dynia is a word that denotes pain in a gland. is a word that denotes pain in a gland. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD24
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The combining form carcin / o means cancer. Therefore, aden / o / carcin / oma aden / o / carcin / oma refers to a cancerous glandular tumor. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD25
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A “UTI” refers to URINARY TRACT INFECTION. UTI’s account for the majority of office visits resulting from urinary symptoms. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD26
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The Nephron Each kidney contains about 1 million NEPHRONS. These structures are the filtering mechanisms of the kidney. The nephron is responsible for keeping fluid levels balanced. Urine flows from the nephron into the funnel- shaped CALYX. From the calyx, urine passes into the RENAL PELVIS to the ureter. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD27
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The combining form pyel / o pyel / o refers to the renal pelvis. refers to the renal pelvis. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD28
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Parts of the Nephron Glomerulus Collecting tube Bowman’s Capsule The combining form glomerul / o glomerul / o refers to the glomerulus. refers to the glomerulus. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD29
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Combining Forms for Color Erythr / o -> red Leuk / o -> white 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD30
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Combining Form for Infection PPPPUS is a collection of dead blood and inflammatory cells. TTTThe combining form that means pus is py / o 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD31
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The suffix -uria refers to urination. Hemat / uria -> blood in urine Hemat / uria -> blood in urine py / uria -> pus in the urine py / uria -> pus in the urine 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD32
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The combining form olig / o olig / o refers to scanty or little. refers to scanty or little. Therefore, olig / uria means little or scanty urination. Therefore, olig / uria means little or scanty urination. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD33
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Miscellaneous The combining form for night is noct / o The suffix -phobia means fear. The prefix in- refers to “not”. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD34
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Other Urinary Disorders AZOTURIA - an increase in nitrogen in the urine. DIURESIS – abnormally large amount of urine. ENURESIS – involuntary discharge of urine after the age which bladder control should have been established. HYPOSPADIAS – abnormally place urethral opening on the underside of the penis. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD35
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PHIMOSIS – stenosis (narrowing) of the foreskin opening of the penis. UREMIA – elevate level of waste products (UREA) in the blood. 6/19/2015Dr ATEF MASAD36
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