1. The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation and Shielding on Health in Near Space Environments Philip Sugimoto Engr 302 5/9/01

2. Overview n Earth’s protection. n Radiation in “Near Space”. n Shielding Schemes. n Materials. n Conclusion.

3. Earth’s Protection n Van Allen Radiation Belts. n Ionosphere acts as a shield. n Equivalent of 10 tons/meter squared.

4. Radiation in “Near Space” n Electromagnetic (x-ray and gamma ray). n Energized Particles (proton and electron). n Hot Matter. n Cosmic Radiation.

5. Shielding Schemes n Active Shielding. n Passive Shielding. –Rotating Station, Rotating Mass. –Rotating Station, Stationary Mass. –Stationary Station, Stationary Mass. n Lunar Shielding.

6. Active Shielding

7. Materials and Construction n Electrical interference. n Surface Degradation. n New Materials.

8. Conclusion n Human Health and Long-Term Residence in “Near Space”. –Expensive but possible. n Societal, Political and Economics. –Will eventually occur due to push from one of these areas and the others will follow.

9. View From Space

10. International Space Station

11. The Future???